Browse > Article

Anti-Oxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Rhei Rhizoma on BV-2 Microglia Cells and Hippocampal Neurons  

Myung, Sung-Ha (Department of Anatomy-Pointology College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University)
Kim, Youn-Sub (Department of Anatomy-Pointology College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University)
Publication Information
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine / v.19, no.3, 2005 , pp. 647-655 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study demonstrated anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects of Rhei Rhizoma. Anti-oxidative effects were studied on BV-2 microglia cells damaged by $H_2O_2$ and nitric oxide. Neuroprotective effects were studied by using oxygen/glucose deprivation of the organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. The results obtained are as follows; The groups treated with 0.5 and 5 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix revealed significant decreases of neuronal cell death area and cell death area percentages in CA1 region of ischemic damaged hippocampus cultures during whole 48 hours of the experiment. The group treated with 50 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix demonstrated decreases of neuronal cell death area and cell death area percentages in CA1 region, but these were not significant statistically. The groups treated with 0.5 and 5 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix revealed significant decreases of neuronal cell death area and cell death area percentages in dentate gyrus of ischemic damaged hippocampus cultures during whole 48 hours of the experiment. The group treated with 50 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix demonstrated decreases of neuronal cell death area and cell death area percentages in dentate gyrus, but these were not significant statistically. The groups treated with 0.5 and 5 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix revealed significant decreases of TUNEL-positive cells in both CA1 region and dentate gyrus of ischemic damaged hippocampus cultures. The group treated with 50 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix demonstrated significant decrease of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 region, but not in dentate gyrus of ischemic damaged hippocampus. The groups treated with 0.5 and 5 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix revealed significant decreases of LDH concentrations in culture media of ischemic damaged hippocampus cultures. The group treated with 50 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix demonstrated decrease of LDH concentrations in culture media, but it was not significant statistically. The groups treated with 0.5 and 5 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix revealed significant increases of cell viabilities of BV-2 microglia cells damaged by $H_2O_2$. The group treated with 50 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix demonstrated increase of cell viability of BV-2 microglia cells, but it was not significant statistically. The group treated with 0.5 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix revealed significant increase of cell viability of BV-2 microglia cells damaged by nitric oxide. The groups treated with 5 and 50 mg/ml of Puerariae Radix demonstrated increases of cell viabilities of BV-2 microglia cells, but these were not significant statistically. These results suggested that Puerariae Radix revealed neuroprotective effects through the control effect of apoptosis and oxidative damages.
Keywords
Anti-Oxidation; Neuroprotection; Rhei Rhizoma; BV-2; Hippocampus;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Yokozawa, T., Chen, C. P., Tanaka, T. Direct scavenging of nitric oxide by traditional crude drugs. Phytomedicine. 6(6):45:1-463, 2000.
2 육창수. 어혈에 사용되는 생약 (大黃/ 三橋)의 항응혈 활성. 경희약대논문집 20, 59-62, 1992.
3 김도완, 박창국, 전탕시간에 따른 생대황(生大黃) 및 주대황 (酒大黃)이 어혈볍태모형에 미치는 영향 대한한방내과학회지 19(1):114-133, 1998.
4 Barros, B. A., Barde, Y. Neuronal and glial cell biology. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 10, 642-648, 2000.
5 Zimmer, J., Cahwiler, B. H. Cellular and connective organization of slice cultures of the rat hippocampus and fascia dentata. J Comp Neurol. 228, 432-446, 1984.
6 Brana, C, Benham, C, Sundstrom, L. A method for characterising cell death in vitro by combining propidium iodide staining with immunohistochemistry. Brain Res Protoc. 10, 109-114, 2002.
7 Moore, S., Thanos, S. The concept of microglia in relation to central nervous system disease and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol. 48, 441-460, 1996.
8 Minghetti, L., Levi, G. Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide. Prog Neurobiol. 54, 99-1025, 1998.
9 안덕균, 이상인, 김호철. 대황의 전탕시간 및 수치방법이 대황 중 sennoside b의 추출료때 미치는 영향. 경희한의대논문집. 9(2):153-156, 1996.
10 Park, E. K., Choo, M. K., Yoon, H. K., Kim, D. H. Antithrombotic and antiallergic activities of rhaponticin from Rhei Rhizoma are activated by human intestinal bacteria. Arch Pharm Res. 25(4):528-533, 2002.
11 Hsu, S. S., Newell, D. W., Tucker, A, Malouf, AT., Winn, H. R. Adenosinergic modulation of CAl neuronal tolerance to glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures. Neurosci Lett. 178:189-192, 1994.
12 Hilton, D. A., Love, S., Barber, R. Demonstration of apoptotic cells in tissue sections by in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-Iabeled poly(A) oligonucleotide probes to detect thymidine-rich DNA sequences. J Histochem Cytochem. 45, 13-20, 1997.
13 이시진, 본초강목. 북경:인민위생출판사. pp 1115, 1982.
14 Brune, B., von Knethen, A, Sandau, K. B. Nitric oxide (NO): an effector of apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 6, 969-975, 1999.
15 Kim, H., Kim, Y. S., Kim, S. Y., Suk, K. The plant flavonoid wogonin suppresses death of activated C6 rat glial cells by inhibiting nitric oxide production. Neurosci Letter. 309, 67-71, 2001.
16 Ahlemeyer, B., Klumpp, S., Krieglstein, J. Release of cytochrome c into the extracellular space contributes to neuronal apoptosis induced by staurosporine. Brain Res. 934, 107-116, 2002.
17 Albina, J. E., Cui, S., Mateo, R. B., Reichner, J. S. Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol. 150, 5080-5085, 1993.
18 Stoll, G., lander, S. The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology on the CNS. Prog Neurobiol. 58, 233-247, 1999.
19 Sugaya, K., Chouinard, M., McKinney, M. Immunostimulation protects microglial cells from nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis. Neuroreport. 8, 2241-2245, 1997.
20 오성준, 백남인, 김해영. 대황 (Rheum undulatum L.) 뿌리의 항산화 활성 물질. Piceatannol. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol. 44(3):208-210, 2001.
21 Wilde, G. J. C, Sundstrom, L. E., Iannotti, F. Propidium iodide in vivo: an early marker of neuronal damage in rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett. 18, 223-226, 1994.
22 Xu, G. P., Dave, K. R., Vivero, R., Schmidt-Kastner, R., Sick, T. J., Porez -Pinzon, M. A. Improvement in neuronal survival after ischemic preconditioning in hippocampal slice cultures. Brain Res. 952, 153-158, 2002.
23 Tian, J., Du, H., Yang, H., Liu, X., Li, Z. A clinical study on compound da huang (radix et rhizoma rhei) preparations for improvement od senile persons' memory ability. J Tradit Chin Med. 17(3):168-173, 1997.
24 Bondy, S. C. Reactive oxygen species: relation to aging and neurotoxic damage. Neurotoxicol. 13, 87-100, 1992.
25 김호철, 안덕균, 대황과의 배합전탕이 대황 중 sennoside b의 추출량에 미치는 영향. 대한본초학회지 11(1):75-78, 1996.
26 배정환, 이종수, 김성수, 신현대. 대황이 비만유도 백서의 체중과 부고환지방조직 변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구. 한방재활의학과학회지 8(2):62-76, 1998.
27 이영종. 대황 전탕액 분획이 고지사료 투여 흰쥐의 혈중 지질 함량에 미치는 영향. 대한본초학회지 15(2):87-93, 2000.
28 오명길, 송용선. 대황 추출액이 백서의 비만모형에 미치는 영향. 한방재활의학과학회지 7(2):46-64, 1997.
29 김호철. 한약약리학. 서울. 집분당 pp 174-177, 2001.
30 박중양, 변일. 중풍치료에 있어서 청열사화법에 대한 문헌적 고찰. 대한한방내과학회지 12(1):155-165, 1991.
31 Gehrmann, J., Matsumoto, Y., Kreutzberg, G. W., Microglia: Intrinsic immuneffector cell of the brain. Brain Res Rev. 20, 269-287, 1995.
32 이상인, 안덕균, 신민교, 이영종, 외2. 한약임상응용 서울:성보사. pp 68-72, 1990.
33 안덕균, 원도희, 김종호. 4-vessel occlusion으로 유발한 흰쥐 전뇌허혈의 신경세포 손상에 대한 대황의 방어효과. 대한본초학회지 14(1):111-120, 1999.
34 Gavrieli, Y., Sherman, Y., Ben-Sasson, S. A. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol. 119, 493-501, 1992.
35 손영종, 김윤상, 이영종. 대황이 고지혈증 흰쥐의 혈중지질 및 효소활성에 미치는 영향. 대한본초학회지. 14(1):61-68, 1999.
36 Lobner, D. Comparison of the LDH and MTT assays for quantifying cell death: validity for neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci Methods. 96, 147-152, 2000.
37 Love, S., Hilton, D. A. Comparison of methods for the detection of cells in different stages of apoptosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 22, 161-162, 1996.
38 Ankarcrona, M., Dypbukt, J. M., Bonfoco, E., Zhivotkovsky. B., Orrenius, S., Lipton, S. A., Nicotera, P. Glutamate-induced neuronal death:a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function. Neuron. 15, 961-973, 1995.
39 Uchida, S., Ikari, N., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Nonaka, G., Nishioka, I., Ozaki, M. Inhibitory effects of condensed tannins on angiotensin converting enzyme. Jpn J Pharmacol. 43(2):242-246, 1987.
40 Gremo, F., Sagos, V., Ennas, M. G., Meloni, A., Persichini, T., Colasanti, M., Lauro, G. M. Features and functions of human microglia cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 429, 79-87, 1997.
41 Sanae, F., Komatsu, Y., Chisaki, K., Kido, T., Ishige, A., Hayashi, H. Effects of San'o-shashin-to and the constituent herbal medicines on theophylline-induced increase in arterial blood pressure of rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 24(10): 1137-11411, 2001.
42 Monette, K, Small, D. L., Mealing, G., Morley, P. A fluorescence confocal assay to asses neuronal viability in brain slices. Brain Res Protoc. 2, 99-108, 1998.
43 Noraberg, J., Kristensen, B. W., Zimmer, J. Markers for neuronal degeneration in organotypic slice cultures. Brain Res Protoc. 3, 278-290, 1999.
44 전국 한의과대학 본초학교수공저. 본초학. 서울: 영림사. pp 241-244, 1991.
45 Bonde, C, Noraberg, J., Zimmer, J. Nuclear shrinkage and other markers of neuronal cell death after oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slice cultures. Neurosci Letter. 327, 49-52, 2002.
46 Laake, J. H., Haug, F. M., Wieloch, T., Ottersen, O. P. A simple in vitro model of ischemia based on hippocampal slice cultures and propidium iodide fluorescence. Brain Res Protoc. 4, 173-184, 1999.
47 전국 한의과대학 심계내과교설 공저. 동의심계내과학. 서울:서원당. pp 448-462, 1995.
48 Gahwiler, B. H., Capogna, M., Debanne, D., Mckinney, R. A, Thompson, S. M. Organotypic slice cultures: a technique has come of age. Trends Neurosci. 20, 471-477, 1997.
49 McCord, J. M. The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress. Am J Med. 108, 652-659, 2000.
50 Vomov, J. J., Tasker, R. c, Coyle, J. T. Delayed protection by MK-801 and tetrodotoxin in a rat organotypic hippocampal culture model of ischemia. Stroke. 25, 457-464, 1994.
51 Wyllie, A. H. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis in associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature. 284, 555-556, 1980.
52 Kristensen, B. W., Noraberg, J., Zimmer, J. Comparison of excitotoxic profiles of ATPA, AMPA, KA and NMDA in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Brain Res. 917, 21-24, 2001.