Browse > Article

On the Debates of Arthropod Phylogeny  

황의욱 (경북대학교 사범대학 생물교육과)
Abstract
In spite of dramatic change of environmental condition since Cambrian big-bang (explosion occurred ca.540 mya, the phylum Arthropoda retains a great diversity, and it is estimated approximately that 1-10 million arthropod species are extant on the earth. Except for an extinct arthopod subphylum Trilobita, extant arthropods could be divided into five subphyla: Hexapoda, Crustacea, Myriapoda, Chelicerata, and Pycnosonida. During the last century, systematists have disputed about interrealtionships among Arthropoda and its relatives (Onychophora, Tardigrada, and Pentastomida), arthropod phylogenetic position within protostome animals, monophyly or polyphyly of the phylum Arthropods, and interrelationships among five arthropod subgroups (subphyla) etc. Recently, new animal phylogeny was reported that protostomes could be clustered into two groups, Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa, and molting animals such as Nematoda and Arthropoda were included within the Ecdysozoa. On the basis of the new animal phylogeny, first of all, I would mention phylogenetic positions and relationships of Arthropods and its relatives to introduce controversies of arthropod phylogeny in phylum level of animals. After that, I focused mainly on the controveries related to arthropod monophyly and phylogenetic relationships among four major arthropod groups except Pycnogonida. In this work, Pycnogonida which is a relatively small group and one of the five arthropod subphyla was not handled significantly although there are some controversies if it is a sister taxon of chelicerates or the most primitive arthropod group (namely, a sister of four remains arthropod groups).
Keywords
arthropod phylogeny; morphological character; mitochondrial genome; Hox;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 The Burgess shale /
[ Whittington, H. B. ] / The Burgess shale
2 Morphological dispartiy in the Cambrian /
[ Briggs,D.E.G.;R.A.Fortey;M.A.Wills ] / Science
3 Invertebrates /
[ Brusca,R.C;G.J.Brusca ] / Sinauer Associates
4 Exploring the myriapod body plan: expression patterns of the ten Hox genes in a contipede /
[ Hughes,C.L;T.C.Kaufman ] / Development
5 The evolution of the Arthropoda /
[ Tiegs,O.W.;S.M.Manton ] / Brain Behav. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Arthropod interrelationships - the phylogenetic-systematic approach /
[ Weygoldt,P. ] / Zeitschrift fur Zoologische, Systematik and Evolutionsforschung
7 Evolutionary crrelates of arthropod tagmosis:Scrambled legs /
[ Wills,M.A.;D.E.G.Brigge;R.A.Fortey(ed.);R.H.Thomas(ed.) ] / Evolutionary crrelates of arthropod tagmosis:Scrambled legs
8 Molecular phylogeny of arthropods and their relatives: polyphyletic origin of arthropodization /
[ Min,G.S.;S.H.Kim;W.Kim ] / Mol. Cells.   과학기술학회마을
9 Evidence from 12S ribosomal RNA sequences that onychophorans are modified arthropods /
[ Ballard,J.W.O.;G.J.Olsen;D.P.Faith;W.A.Odgers;D.M.Rowell;P.W.Atkinson ] / Science   DOI
10 Rhylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding genes supports a crustacean+hexapod clade /
[ Shultz,J.W.;J.C.Regier ] / Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Arthropoda phylogeny with special reference to insects /
[ Boudreaux,H.B. ] / Arthropoda phylogeny with special reference to insects
12 Molecular analysis supports a taedigrade-arthropoda association /
[ Garey,J.R.;M.Krotec;D.R.Nelson;J.Brooks ] / Inv. Biol.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Mitochondrial genes collectively suggest the paraphyly of Crustacea with respect to Insecta /
[ Garcia-Machado,E.;M.Pempera;N.Dennebouy;M.Oliva-Suarez;J.C.Mounolou;M.Monnerot ] / J. Mol. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Frunctonal morphology and the evolution of the hexapod classes /
[ Manton,S.M.;A.P.Gupta(ed.) ] / Frunctonal morphology and the evolution of the hexapod classes
15 Molecular evidence for inclusion of the phylum pentastomida in the Crustacea /
[ Abele,L.G.;W.Kim;B.E.Felgenhauer ] / Mol. Biol. Evol.
16 Sum of the arthropod parts /
[ Blaxter M. ] / Nature   DOI   ScienceOn
17 A cambrian gilled lobopod from Greenland /
[ Budd,G. ] / Nature   DOI
18 Hox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution /
[ De Rosa,R.;J.K.Grenier;T.Andreeva;C.E.Cook;A.Adotte;M.Akam;S.B.Carrol;G.Balavoine ] / Nature   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of the major extant arthropod classes and the evolution of myriapods /
[ Friedrich,M;D.Tautz ] / Nature   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Arthropod phylogeny: a combined approach /
[ Wheeler,W.C.;P.Cartwrigth;C.Y.Hayashi ] / Cladistics   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Sampling, groundplans, total evidence and the systematics of arthropods /
[ Weeler,W.C.;R.A.Fortey(ed);R.H.Thomas(ed) ] / Sampling, groundplans, total evidence and the systematics of arthropods
22 Molecular phylogeny of the major arthropod groups indicates polyphyly of crustaceans and a new hypothesis for the origin of hexapods /
[ Regier,J.;C.Jeffrey;J.W.Shultz ] / Mol. Biol. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Elongation factor-2: a useful gene for arthropod phylogenetics /
[ Regier,J.C.;J.W.Shultz ] / Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Arthropods:developmental diversity within a a(super) phylum /
[ Akam,M ] / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Phylogenetic relationships of annelids, molluscs, and arthropods evidenced from molecules and morpholgy /
[ Kim C.B;S.Y.Moon;S.R.Gelder;W.Kim ] / J. Mol. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada+Arthropoda clade /
[ Giribet,G.;S.Cararnza;J.Baguna;M.Riutort;C.Ribera ] / Mol. Biol. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 The new animal phylogeny: reliability and implications /
[ Adoutte,A.;G.Blavoine;N.Lartillot;O.Lesponet;B.Prud'homme;R,de Rosa ] / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 The phylogenetic status of arthropods, as in ferred from 18S rRNA sequences /
[ Turbeville,J.M.;D.M.Pfeifer;K.G.Field;R.A.Raff ] / Mol. Biol. Evol.
29 Arthropod phylogeny - a modern synthesis /
[ Manton,S.M. ] / J. Zool.(Lond.)   DOI
30 Newanimal phylogeny /
[ Kim C.B.;W.Kim ] / Kor. J. Syst. Zool.
31 Phylogenetic position of the Tardigrada based on the 18S ribosomal RNA sequences /
[ Moon,S.Y.;W.Kim ] / Zool. J. Linn. Soc.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 End of the Uniramia taxon /
[ Shear, W. A. ] / Science
33 The Place of tardigrades in arthropod enolution /
[ Dewel R.A.;W.C.Dewel;R.A.Fortey(ed.);R.H.Thomas(ed.) ] / The Place of tardigrades in arthropod enolution
34 Evolution of animal body plans: the role of metazoan phylogeny at the interface between pattern and process /
[ Jenner,R.A ] / Evol. Dev.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Diplopod hemocyanin sequence and the phylogenetic position of the Myriapoda /
[ Kusche, K.;T. Burmester ] / Mol. Biol. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Arthropod phylogeny based on eight molecular loci and morphology /
[ Giribet, G.;G. D. Edgecombe;W.C. Wheeler ] / Nature   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Trilobites and the origin of arthropods /
[ Cisne,J.L. ] / Science   DOI
38 The Uniramia do not exist: the ground plan of the Pterygota as revealed by permian Diaphanopterodea from Russia (insectaL Paleodictyopteroidea) /
[ Kukalova-Peck,J. ] / Can. J. Zool.   DOI
39 Hox genes and the phylogeny of the arthropods /
[ Cook,C.E.;M.L.Smith;M.J.Telford;A.Bastianello;M.Akam ] / Curr. Biol.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Significance of later embryonic stages and head development in arthropod phylogeny /
[ Weygoldt,P.;A.P.Gupta(ed.) ] / Significance of later embryonic stages and head development in arthropod phylogeny
41 Gene translocation links insects and crustaceans /
[ Boore J. L;D.V. Lavrov;W.M.Brown ] / Nature   DOI
42 Molecular systematics and arthropds /
[ Wheeler,W.C.;G.D.Edgecombe(ed.) ] / Molecular systematics and arthropds
43 Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates /
[ Hwang U. W.;M. Freidrich;D. Tautz;C. J. Park;W. Kim ] / Nature   DOI   ScienceOn
44 A trilobitomorph origin for the crustacea /
[ Hessler,R.R.;W.A.Newman ] / Rossils and Strata
45 Morphology of fossil arthropods as a guide to phylogenetic relationships /
[ Bergstrom,J.;A.P.Gupta(ed) ] / Morphology of fossil arthropods as a guide to phylogenetic relationships
46 Are the insects terrestrial crustaceans? A discussion of some new facts and arguments and the proposal of the proper name 'Tetraconata' for the monophyletic unit Crustacea+Hexapoda /
[ Dohle,W. ] / Ann. Soc. Entomol.
47 The Cambrian explosion exploded? /
[ Fortey,R. ] / Science. Evol.
48 Rejection of the 'Uniramia' hypothesis and implication of the Mandibulata concept /
[ Wagele,J.W. ] / Zool. Jb. Syst.
49 The Arthropoda: habits, functional morphology and evolution /
[ Manton,S.M. ] / The Arthropoda: habits, functional morphology and evolution
50 Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences /
[ Peterson,K.J;D.J.Eernisse ] / Evol. Dev.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Bilaterians of the Precambrian-Cambrian transition and the annelid-arthropod relationship /
[ Valentine,J.W. ] / Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.   DOI   ScienceOn
52 The significance of fossils in understanding arthropod evolution /
[ Wills,M.A.;D.E.G.Briggs;R.A.Fortey;M.Wilkinson ] / Verh. Distch. Zool. Gesamte.
53 Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets /
[ Zrzavy,J.;V.Hypsa;M.Vlaskova;R.A.Fortey(ed.);R.H.Thomas(ed.) ] / Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets
54 Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals /
[ Aguinaldo,A.M;J.M.Turbeville;L.S.Linford;M.C. Rivera, J.R.Garey;R.A.Raff;J.A.Lake ] / Nature   DOI
55 Invertebrate relationships: patterns in animal evolution /
[ Willmer,P. ] / Invertebrate relationships: patterns in animal evolution
56 The future of evolutionary developmenta biology /
[ Holland,P.W.H. ] / Nature, Suppl.   DOI
57 Sequence alignment, parameter sensitivity, and the phlogenetic analysis of molecular /
[ Wheeler,W.C. ] / data. Syst. Biol.
58 The evolution of the Arthropoda /
[ Tiegs,O.W.;S.M.Manton ] / Biol. Rev.   DOI
59 The position of arthropods in the animal kingdom: A search of a reliable outgroup for internal arthropod phylogeny /
[ Giribet,G;C.Ribera ] / Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda /
[ Snodgrass,R.E. ] / Smithson. Misc. Collect.