Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2019.17.11.327

The Influence of Smartphone Addiction on Subjective Well-being among adults : Dual Mediation Effect of Executive Function Deficit and Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies  

Lim, Jee-young (Department of Industrial Psychology, Hoseo University)
Publication Information
Journal of Digital Convergence / v.17, no.11, 2019 , pp. 327-337 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine dual mediation effect of executive function deficiencies and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relation of smartphone addiction and subjective well-being and to suggest implications for adult smartphone addiction intervention programs. A self-report survey was conducted to 148 adults(71 males and 77 females) and the mediation effect was evaluated by regression analyses. Key findings are as follows. First, executive function deficiencies showed mediation effect on the relationship between smartphone addiction and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Second, significant mediation effect of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies was not found on the relationship between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being. Finally, the relation of smarphone addiction and subjective well-being was mediated by executive function deficiencies and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. These results imply that it would be helpful to train executive function and foster emotion regulation strategies to the adult smartphone addiction groups. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future research of the entire adult age group were discussed.
Keywords
smartphone addiction; subjective well-being; executive function; cognitive emotional regulation strategies; adults;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. Y. Park & S. M. Kwon. (2014). The Relationships of Meaning in Life with Subjective Well-Being and Depression: Comparison between University Students and Middle-Aged Adults. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 549-569.   DOI
2 West, S. G., Finch, J. F. & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables : problems and remedies. In Rick H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications(pp. 56-75). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3 R. B. Kline. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
4 A. F. Hayes. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, New York:Guilford Press.
5 M. G. Cataldo, M. Nobil, M. L. Lorusso, M/. Battaglia & M. Molteni. (2005). Impulsivity in depressed children and adolescents: a comparison between behavioral and neuropsychological data. Psychiatry Research, 136, 123-133.   DOI
6 D. Y. Kang & W. T. Kim. (2018). The effect of mother's emotional socialization behaviors and young children's executive function on young children's emotional regulation ability. Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 23(1), 259-279.   DOI
7 S. Nolen-Hoeksema. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569-582.   DOI
8 E. H. Lee. (2013). The Effects of Adolescents' Executive Function on Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies. Master's Thesis. Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul.
9 J. Quoidbach, E. V. Berry, M. Hansenne & M. Mikolajczak. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: Comparing the impact of eight savoring and dampening strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 368-373.   DOI
10 Y. N. Kim. (2014). The Effects of the Subjective Well-Being of Perfectionism and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategiesin High School Students. Master's Thesis. The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul.
11 National Information Society Agency. (2018). The survey on smartphone overdependence in 2018. Seoul:National Information Society Agency.
12 J. Jin. (2017). Experiences of smartphone addiction among University Students. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(2), 421-429.   DOI
13 H. J. Song. (2010). Development of a self-reported executive function rating scale for the Korean high school students: a preliminary study. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(1), 109-124.   DOI
14 H. J. Kim, H. G. Park, M. S. Chang & H. W. Kwak. (2017). Inhibition deficiencies in adults with smartphone addiction tendency: using reading Span and Inhibition of Return Tasks. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 219(1), 41-62.
15 Y. K. Oh & K. E. Kom. (2017). The Influence of Worker's Stress and Anxiety on Work Commitment: Focused on Mediating Effect of Smartphone Addiction. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(9), 487-495.   DOI
16 S. H. Oh & E. H. Ha. (2014). The Effects of Children's Executive Function Impairments and ADHD Symptoms on the Issue of Smart Phone Addiction., The Korean Journal of Play Therapy, 17(1), 17-35.
17 S. J. Kim & K. H. Kim. (2013). Cognitive Approach to Internet Addiction Improvement: Focused on Solustion of Craving and Loss of Control. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18, 421-446.   DOI
18 K. Witkiewitz, G. A. Marlatt & D Walker. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19, 211-228.   DOI
19 J. M. Micco, A. Henin, J. Biederman, J. F. Rosenbaum, C. Petty, L. A. Rindlaub, M. Murphy & D. R. Becker. (2009). Executive functioning in offspring at risk ofr depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety, 26(9), 780-870.   DOI
20 H. Y. Jeon, M. H. Hyun & Y. M. Chun. (2011). The Characteristic of Frontal Lobe’s Executive Function in Internet Addiction. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 16(1), 215-229.   DOI
21 M. M. Short, D. Mazmanian, K. Oinonen & C. J. Mushquash. (2016). Executive function and self-regulation mediate dispositional mindfulness and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 97-103.   DOI
22 M. L. Pe, P. Koval & P. Kuppens. (2013). Executive well-being: Updating of positive stimuli in working memory is associated with subjective well-being. Cognition, 126(2), 335-340.   DOI
23 S. A. Lee & H. J. Song. (2014). The Effect of Emotion Stimuli Appraisal and Executive Function Deficit on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, 21(3), 581-599.
24 B. J. Schmeichel & H. A. Demaree. (2008). Working memory capacity and the self-regulation of emotional expression and experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 1526-1540.   DOI
25 N. B. Lee. (2012). Exploring the mediating effects of resilience in the relationship between cognitive emotional strategies and psychological symptom (depression and anxiety) among psychiatric out-patients. Master's Thesis. Ehwa Womans University, Seoul.
26 E. J. Lee. (2015). The Relations Between Covert Narcissism and Addiction Tendency to SNS : Mediating Effect of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategy. Master's Thesis. Soonchunhyang University, Asan.
27 J. Y. Kim. (2018). A study on the Relationship between Maternal Psychological Control and Smart Phone Addiction in Elementary School Students: The Mediating Effects of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Master's Thesis. Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
28 R. R. Rule, A. P. Shimamura & R. T. Knight (2002). Orbitofrontal cortex and dynamic filtering of emotional stimuli. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2(3), 264-270.   DOI
29 A. Madan, B. L. Miller & R. W. Levenson. (2009). Do tests of executive function predict ability to downregulate emotions spontaneously and when instructed to supress? Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 9(2), 144-152.   DOI
30 J. E. Kim. (2011). The Effects of Executive Function of Young Children on Competence of Emotion Regulation: With its Focus on Inhibitory Working Memory and Shifting. Master's Thesis. Sungkyunkwan University. Seoul.
31 D. Y. Kim. (2016). Influence of Smartphone use on Psychological Well-being and School Adjustment Resilience and Self Esteem in Elementary school students. Master's Thesis. Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung
32 M. S. Kim, H. W. Kim & K. H. Cha. (2001). Analyses on the Construct of Psychological Well - Being (PWB) of Korean Male and Female Adults, Korean. Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 15, 19-30.
33 E. Diener. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43.   DOI
34 M. H. Nam, H. O. Kim & Y. C. Kwon. (2013). Factors Influencing Subjective Happiness Index of Health behavior, Smart phone addiction, Suicidal Ideation among College students. The Journal of digital policy & management, 11(10), 557-569.
35 K. S. Lee & M. K. Rhee. (2014). Effect of Social Support on Smartphone Game Addiction : The Mediating Effect of Psychological Well-Being. Korea Youth Research, 21(8), 423-442.
36 S. S. Baek & J. Y. Cho. (2017). The Influence of Life Stress, Depression, Smart-phone Addiction on Quality of Life among College Students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 18(8), 248-256.   DOI
37 H. N. Ahn, N. B. Lee & H. S. Joo. (2013). Validation of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in a Korean population. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(3), 1773-1794.   DOI
38 H. J. Kang. (2016). The relationships among smartphone use, mental health and physical health - focusing on smartphone users' attitudes. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14(3), 483-488.   DOI
39 Y. M. Park. (2011). A study on adults' smartphone addiction and mental health. Master's dissertation, Sangji University, Wonju.
40 E. Y. Kim & K. J. Oh. (2012). Validity of Korean Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Self Report Version (BRIEF-SR). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(2), 561-574.   DOI
41 R. S. Lazarus. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 1-21.   DOI
42 S. J. Lee & M. H. Hyun. (2008). The influence of Emotional Awareness and Cognitive emotion regulation to Mental Health. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 13(4), 887-905.   DOI
43 N. Garnefski, V. Kraaij & P. Spinhoven. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311-1327.   DOI
44 H. W. Kim & I. S. Oh. (2016). Mediating Effect of Interpersonal Problem between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Psychological Well-being of Adolescents. The Korean Journal of Youth Counselling, 24(1), 151-171.   DOI
45 S. H. Kim. (2008). A Study on the Relationships among the Stressful events, Cognitive EMotion Regulation Strategies, and Psychological Well-being. Journal of Student Guidance and Counseling, 26, 5-29,
46 G. A. Gioia, P. K. Isquith & S. C. Guy. (2001). Assessment of executive functions uin children with neurological impairment. In R. J. Simeonson and S. L Rosenthal (Eds.), Psychological and developmental assessment: Children with disabilities and chronic conditions(pp.317-356). New York: Guilford.
47 Y. J. Moon. (2017). Analysis of the Relationship of Self-Discrepancy and Smart Phone Addiction Proneness in University Students: Using Moderated-Mediation Model of Perceived Daily Hassles and Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Master's Thesis. Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
48 E. Goldberg. (2001). The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
49 E. Y. Kim, M. S. Jang, B. H. Koo & D. S. Bai. (2011). A Study on Externalizing Disorder Patients Group and its Executive Function Deficiency Conditions. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 27(3), 59-85.
50 G. McCloskey, L. Perkins & B. Van Divner. (2009). Assessment and intervention for cognitive function difficulties. Routledge, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
51 S. Goldstein, J. A. Naglieri, D. Princiotta & T. M. Otero. (2014). Introduction: A History of Executive Functioning as a Theoretical and Clinical Construct. In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of Executive Functioning(pp. 3-12). New York: Springer.
52 R. A. Barkley. (2011). Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale(BDEFS). New York: Guilford Press.
53 H. B. Lee, M.J. Yang, E. H. Lee, Y. S. Joung, S. T. Hwang, S. H. Hong & J. H. Kim. (2016). Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Barkely Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale(K-BDEFS). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), 519-539.   DOI
54 J. O. Choi. (2014). Mediating Effect of Executive Function Impairment on the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and School Adjustment. The Journal of Child Education, 23(4), 391-410.
55 J. Y. Lee & J. H. Kim. (2002). Assessment of Positive Cognition: A Standardization Study of Korean Automatic Thought Questionnaire-Positive: ATQ-P. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(3), 647-664.
56 N. Garnefski, J. Legerstee, V. Kraaij, T. V. D. Kommer & J. Teerds. (2002). Cognitive coping strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A comparison between adolescents and adults. Journal of Adolescence, 25(6), 603-611.   DOI
57 S. W. Jung & Y. S. Lee. (2016). Smartphone use, addiction, and quality of life among university students. Global Social Welfare Review, 6(2), 61-74.
58 M. O. Yu, S. J. Ju & J. H. Kim. (2014). A Study on Smartphone Addiction, Mental health and Impulsiveness For High School Students at Korea. Journal of digital convergence, 12(4), 409-418.   DOI
59 K. H. Hwang, Y. S. Yoo & O. H. Cho. (2012). Smartphone Overuse and Upper Extremity Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Interpersonal Relationships among College Students. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 12(10), 365-375.   DOI
60 S. J. Park, M. S. Chang, H. W. Kwak & S. I. L. (2017). The Difference in Executive Function, Interpersonal Relationship Problem and Empathy Ability of Smartphone Addiction Tendency Group by their Phone Application Usage Type. The Korean Journal of Cognitive Biological Psychology, 29(1), 1-19.
61 J. W. Chun, J. H. Choi, J. Y. Kim, H. Cho, K. J. Ahn, J. H. Nam, J. S. Choi & D. J. Kim. (2017). Altered brain activity and the effect of personality traits in excessive smartphone use during facial emotion processing. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 121-156.   DOI
62 J. Lim. (2018). The Effect of Adult Smartphone Addiction on Memory Impairment: Focusing on the Mediating effect of Executive Function Deficiencies. Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(7), 299-308.   DOI
63 J. H. Park & H. J. Song. (2016). The Efficacy of the Planning and Organizing Focused Executive Function Program in Children with ADHD.. Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, 23(1), 159-171.
64 J. J. Genet & M. Siemer. (2011). Flexible control in processing affective and non-affective material predicts individual differences in trait resilience. Cognition and emotion, 25(2), 380-388.   DOI
65 P. Shrout & N. Bolger. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.   DOI
66 J. W. Song. (2015). The Influence of Daily Stress on Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Master's Thesis. Hangyang University, Seoul.
67 J. Y. Park, (2018). The Effect of Life Stress on Smartphone Addiction Tendency in University Students: Mediation Effects of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Master's Thesis. Dongduk Womans University, Seoul.
68 C. S. Lee. (2015). Verification of Construct Validity of Smartphone addiction scale(S-scale) and Analysis of Determinants of Smartphone Addiction. Master's Thesis. Korea University, Seoul.
69 W. Schneider & R. M. Shiffrin. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66.   DOI
70 J. Garber, N. Braafladt & J. Zeman. (1991). The regulation of sad affect: An information-processing perspective. In M.L. Hoffman(Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 159-181). Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press.
71 Barkley, R. & Murphy, K. (2011). The nature of executive function (EF) deficits in daily life activities in adults with ADHD and their relationship to performance on EF tests. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(2), 137-158.   DOI
72 E. Diener, R. A. Emmons, R. J. Larsen & S. Griffin. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.   DOI
73 J. H. Kim. (2007). The Relationship between Life Satisfaction/Life Satisfaction Expectancy and Stress/Well-Being: An Application of Motivational States Theory. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 12(2), 325-345.   DOI
74 E. Diener, H. Smith & F. Fujita. (1995). The personality structure of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 130-141.   DOI
75 M. I. Jun. (2014). The effect of adolescent's daily stress on smartphone addiction : focused on the moderating effect of emotion regulation ability. Master's Thesis. Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul.
76 S. N. An. (2006). The causal relationship between self-discrepancy and life satisfaction according to self-construals. Master's Thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul.