Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2016.14.5.459

The comparative study on physiological activity of White ginseng, Red ginseng and Black ginseng extract  

Jang, A-Young (Dept. of Oriental Health Care, Joongbu University)
Sueng, Yun-Chul (Dept. of Oriental Health Care, Joongbu University)
Ji, Joong-gu (Dept. of Oriental Health Care, Joongbu University)
Publication Information
Journal of Digital Convergence / v.14, no.5, 2016 , pp. 459-471 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study presents a comparative study for differences in efficacy and ingredient of white ginseng(WG), red ginseng(RG), and black ginseng(BG) using anti-oxidative activity test and anti-inflammatory activity test. In the results of cytotoxicity test for WG, RG, and BG, the survival rate of all cells was more than 95%. In the total polyphenol analysis, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging test, and ROS production test, BG showed higher anti-oxidant activity than WG and RG. RG and WG showed higher inhibition activity of NO production and $PGE_2$ production, respectively. As results of the test for the effect on reduction of inflammatory cytokine production, WG and RG were effective on reduction of IL-$1{\beta}$ production, and BG was effective on reduction of IL-6. In the case of TNF-${\alpha}$ production, there was no difference among samples. This study could be useful basic data for the development of functional food and the fabrication of safe cosmetic.
Keywords
White ginseng; Red ginseng; Black ginseng; Anti-oxidant activity; Anti-inflammatory activity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 KY Nam," The comparative understanding between red ginseng and white ginsengs, processed ginsengs (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)", J. Ginseng Res. Vol. 29, pp. 1-18, 2005.   DOI
2 Jae Eul Choi, Ki Yeul Nam, Xiangguo Li, Bok Young Kim, Hang Sik Cho and Kuang Bo Hwang., "Changes of Chemical Compositions and Ginsenoside Contents of Different Root Parts of Ginsengs with Processing Method", Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci. Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 118-125, 2010.
3 Lee Jeehyun, Shen Guinan, Kim Euikeom, Shin Hyunjoong, Myung Changseon, Oh Hanjin, Kim Donghee, Roh Seongsoo, Cho Won, Seo Youngbae, Park Yongjin, Kang Cheolwoo, Song Gyuyong. "Preparation of Black Ginseng and its Antitumor Activit" ,Korean J. Oriental Physiology & Pathology., Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 951-956, 2006.
4 Gutfinger T., "Polyphenols in olive oils", Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. Vol. 58, No. 11, pp. 966-968. 1981.   DOI
5 Boo, H. O., Lee, H. H., Lee, J. W., Hwang, S. J., and Park, S. U., "Different of total phenolics and flavonoids, radical scavenging activities and nitrite scavenging effects of Momordica charantia L. according to cultivars",Korean J. Medicinal Crop Sci, Vol. 17, pp. 15-20, 2009.
6 Jang E. K., Seo J. H. and Lee S. P., " Physiological activity and antioxidative effects of aged black galic(Allum sativum L.) extrac",. Kor. J. Food Sci. Thechnol. Vol. 40, pp. 443-448, 2008.
7 Deuk Sang Kwon, "Changes in Ginsenoside Contents, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities According to Steaming Condition in Ginseng. dissertation", Dankook University. 2012
8 Ji Yeon Lee, Na Yeon Kim, Hye Lim Oh, Kun Jong Lee, Kee Heun Yang, Eun Soo Doh, Mee Ree Kim, "Antioxidant Activity of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Prepared from Dried Root through Steaming-Drying Cycles", J. East Asian Soc. Dietary Life., Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 838-843, 2011.
9 Min-Ho Shin, "Comparison of ginsenosides and Anti-oxidant about Traditional Red Ginseng and High-hydrostatic Pressure Red Ginseng", dissertation. Kunsan National University. 2011.
10 Rhee SG., "Cell signaling. H2O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling, "Science. Vol. 312, pp. 1882-1883, 2006.   DOI
11 Rhee SG, Bae YS, Lee SR, Kwon J., "Hydrogen peroxide: a key messenger that modulates protein phosphorylation through cysteine oxidation", Sci STKE. 2000:pe1. 2000.   DOI
12 Kalyanaraman B., "Teaching the basics of redox biology to medical and graduate students: Oxidants, antioxidants and disease mechanisms", Redox Biol. Vol. 1, pp. 244-257, 2013.   DOI
13 Jirik FR et al, " Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory mediators augment IL-6 secretion by human endothelial cells", J Immunol. Vol. 142, No. 1, pp. 144-147, 1989.
14 Bishop-Bailey D, Calatayud S, Warner TD, Hla T, Michell JA, "Prostaglandins and the regulation of tumor growth", J Environ Pathol Tox Oncol, Vol. 21, pp. 93-100, 2002.
15 Son JH, Kim HJ, Park TS, Jung MS, "Study on the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of sarcocarp and calyx of persimmon (Cheongdo Bansi)", J Appl Biol Chem., Vol. 54, pp. 71-78, 2011.   DOI
16 Delgado AV, McManus AT, Chambers JP., "Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1${\beta}$, IL-2 and IL-6 by rat leukocyte subpopulations after exposure to substance P", Neuropeptides. Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 355-361, 2003.   DOI
17 Chen F, Castranova V, Shi X., "New insights into the role of nuclear factor kappa B in cell growth regulation", Am J Pathol. Vol. 159, No. 2. pp. 387-397, 2001.   DOI
18 Lee AK et al,. "Inhibition of lipopolysaccharideinducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-${\alpha}$, and COX-2 expression by sauchinone effects on I-${\kappa}$B${\alpha}$ phosphorylation, C/EBP and AP-1 activation", British Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 139, pp. 11-20, 2003.   DOI
19 Lee EH, Kim NK, Hwang CY, Kim HM. "Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase byYongdam-SaganTang in mouse peritoneal macrophages", J Ethnopharmacol. Vol. 60, pp. 61-69, 1998.   DOI