Browse > Article

Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Status of Premenopausal Women  

오세인 (서울대학 식품영양과)
이행신 (한국보건산업진흥원)
이미숙 (한남대학교 식품영양학과)
김초일 (한국보건산업진흥원)
권인순 (인제대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
박상철 (서울대학교 의과대학 생화학교실)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition / v.8, no.6, 2003 , pp. 927-937 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean premenopausal women. Seventy-eight premenopausal women who visited the Health Promotion Center for health examinations volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided into two groups according to their bone status as shown by their T-scores: a non-osteoporotic group and a osteoporotic group. The results are as follows: The mean BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were 1.21$\pm$0.02$g/cm^2$ and 0.97$\pm$0.04$g/cm^2$, respectively. The BMD levels of the osteoporotic group were significantly lower than those of the non-osteoporotic group (p<0.001, respectively). The heights of the women in the osteoporotic group were significantly lower than those of the non-osteoporotic group (p<0.01) however, their body weights did not show any significant differences although they tended to be lower. The mean daily intake of energy was 1720$\pm$52㎉. When the nutrient intake was compared with the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), calcium, Fe, vitamin A and riboflavin intakes were lower than the RDA. Their was no significant difference in the nutrient intake of the non-osteoporotic group and osteoporotic group except for the intakes of protein, fat and niacin. Their was no significant difference between the non-osteoporotic group and the osteoporotic group and all were within the normal range. However, the serum alkaline phosphatase level of the osteoporotic group was significantly higher than that of the non-osteoporotic group (p<0.001). Height measurements showed positive correlations with lumbar spine bone mineral density (LBMD, r=0.332, p<0.01) however there was no correlation with femoral neck bone mineral density (NBMD). Age, age at menarche, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and obesity showed no correlation with BMD. The BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly and positively related to the intake of niacin and vitamin C (r=0.236, p<0.05; r=0.274, p<0.05). Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus showed negative correlations with LBMD (r=-0.698, p=0.0001, r=-0.503, p=0.0001, respectively). The results suggested that the BMD of the lumbar spine was positively related to the intake of niacin and vitamin C in premenopausal women. Therefore, this study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone loss would be have a higher intake of niacin and vitamin C rich foods and engaging habitually in physical activity may have a beneficial effect on BMD in the Premenopausal Period.
Keywords
bone loss; bone mineral density (BMD); body mass index (BMI); premenopausal women;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Barzel US (1997): Dietary patterns and blood pressure. N Eng J Med 337: 637-638
2 Chang JS, Moon SW, Jae JH (2000): The Relationship between the variation of the femoral neck-shaft angle according to age and the fracture of the hip. 2000 Spring scientific meeting of Korean Society of Bone Metabolism
3 Choi EJ, Lee HO (1996): Influencing factors on the bone status of rural menopausal women. Korean J Nutrition 29 (9): 1013-1020
4 Elders PJM, Lips P, Netelenbos C (1994): Long-term effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in perimenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 9 (7): 963-970   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Ericksen EF and Langdahl BL (1997): The pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Horm Res 48 (suppl 5): 78-82
6 Fehily AM, Coles RJ. Evans WD (1992): Factors affecting bone density in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 56: 579-586   PUBMED
7 Freudenheim JOL, Johnson NE, Smith EL (1986): Relationships between usual nutrient intake and bone-mineral content of 35-65 years of age: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 44: 863-876
8 Hirota T, Nara M, Ohguri M, Manago E, Hirota K (1992): Effect of diet and lifestyle on bone mass in Asian young women. Am J Clin Nutr 55: 1168-1173   PUBMED
9 Kerstetter JE, Allen LH (1994): Protein intake and calcium homeostasis. Adv Nutr Res 9: 167-181   PUBMED
10 Kim WY (1994): Osteoporosis and dietary factors. Korean J Nutrition 27 (6): 636-645
11 Krall EA, Dawson-Hughers B (1994): Walking is related to bone density and rates of bone loss. Am J Med 96(1): 20-26   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Mazess RB, Barden HS (1991): Bone density in premenopausal women: effect of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 132-142   PUBMED
13 Ministry of Health and Welfare (2002): Report on 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (dietary intake survey)
14 Oh JJ, Hong ES, Baik IK, Lee HS, Lim HS (1996): Effects of dietary calcium, protein, and phosphorus intakes on bone mineral density in Korean premenopausal women. Korean J Nutrition 29 (1): 59-69
15 On SI, Lee HS, Lee MS, Kim CI, Kwon IS, Park SC (2002): Some factors affecting bone mineral status of postmenopausal women. Korean J Community Nutrition 7 (1): 121-129
16 Ramsdale SJ, Bassey EJ, Pye DJ (1994): Dietary calcium intake related to bone mineral density in premenopausal women. British J Nutr 71:77-84   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Strause L, Saltman P, Smith KT, Bracker M, Andon MB (1994): Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace mineral. J Nutr 124: 1060-1064   PUBMED
18 The Korean Nutrition Society (1995): Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans, 6th revision
19 The Korean Nutrition Society (2000): Recommended dietary allowances for Koreans, 7th revision
20 Spencer H, Kramer L, Osis D (1982): Factors contributing to calcium loss in aging. Am J Clin Nutr 36: 776-780
21 Suleiman S, Nelson M, Li F, Buxton-Thomas M, Moniz C (1997): Effect of calcium intake and physical activity level on bone mass and turnover in healthy, white, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 66: 937-943   PUBMED
22 The Korea Foods Industry Association (1988): Estimation of portion size of Korean foods
23 Walmer HW, Dunn WL, Brown ML (1988): Comparison of dual-energy absorptiometry and dual-photon absorptiometry for bone mineral measurements of the lumbar spine. Radiology 63: 1075-1084
24 La Vecchia C, Negri E, Levi F, Baron JA (1991): Cigarette smoking, body mass and other risk factors for fractures of the hip in women. Int J EpidimioI 20(3): 671-677   DOI
25 Lee HJ, Choi MJ (1996): The effect of nutrient intake and energy expenditure on bone mineral density of Korean women in Taegu. Korean Nutrition 29 (6): 622-633
26 Holbrook TL, Barrett-Connor E (1993): The association of life time weight and weight control patterns with mineral density in an adult community. Bone & Mineral 20: 141-149   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Christiansen C, Riis BJ, Rdbro P (1990): Screening procedure for woman at risk of developing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int I: 35-40
28 Kim KR, Kim KH, Lee EK, Lee SS (2000): A study on the factors affecting bone mineral density in adult women - Based on the mothers of elementary school students -. Korean J Nutrition 33 (3: 241-249
29 Holbrook TL, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL (1988): Dietary calcium intake and risk of hip fracture: 14-years prospective population study. Lancet 2: 1046-1049   PUBMED
30 Johns PR, Hardman E, Hudson A, Norgon NG (1991): Influence of brisk walking on the broadband ultrasonic attenuation of calcaneus in previously sedentary women aged 30-61 years. Calcifi Tissue Int 49: 112-115   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Nelson ME, Fisher EC, Dilmanian FA, Dailal GE, Evans WJ (1991): I-y walking progrma and increased dietary calcium in post-menopausal women: effect on bone. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 1305-1311, 1911
32 Smith EL, Gilligan C, Smith PE, Sempos CT (1989): Calcium supplementation and bone loss in middle-age women. Am J Clin Nutr 50: 833-842   PUBMED
33 Lee JH. Choi MS, Paik IK, Moon SJ, Lim SK, Ahn KJ, Song YD, Lee HC, Huh KB (1992): Nutrient intake and bone mineral density in Korean premenopausal women. Korean J Nutrition 25 (2): 140-149
34 Liel Y, Edwards J, Shary J, spicer KM, Gordon L (1988): The effects of race and body habitus on bone mineral density of radius, hip and spine in remeonpausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66(6): 1247-1250   DOI   PUBMED
35 Hensen MA, Overgaard D, Riis BJ, Christiansen C (1991): Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Br Med J 303: 961-964   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Gler CC, Steiger P, Selvidge R (1990): Comparative assessment of dual photon absorptiometry and dual energy radiography. Radiology 174: 223-228   DOI
37 Song YJ, Paik HY (2002): Effect of dietary factors on bone mineral density in Korean college women. Korean J Nutrition 35 (4): 464-472
38 Friedwald WT, Levy RJ. Fredrickson DS (1972): Estimation of concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502
39 Hu JF, Zhao XH, Jia 18 (1993): Dietary calcium and bone density among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Am J Clin Nutr 58: 219-227   PUBMED
40 Dowson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall RA, Sadowski L (1990): A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 323: 878-883   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Sowers MR, Clark MK, Hollis B (1992): Radial bone mineral density in pre- and perimenopausal women: A prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss.J Bone Mine Res 7 (6): 647-657
42 의학교육연구원 (1999) : 서울대학교 니과학교실 내과지침서, 고려의학,PP.684-693
43 Lacey JM, Anderson JJB, Fujita T, Yoshimoto Y, Koch GG (1991): Correlates of cortical mass among premenopausal and postmenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Mine Res 6(7): 651-659
44 Tucker KL. Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PWF, Kiel DP(1999): Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 727-736
45 Recker RR, Heaney RP (1985): The effect of milk supplements on calcium metabolism, bone metabolism and calcium balance. Am J Clin Nutr 41: 254-263   PUBMED
46 Andon MB, Smith KT, Bracker M, Statoris D, Saltman P, Strause L (1991): Spinal bone density and calcium intake in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 927-929   PUBMED
47 Desimone DP, Stevens J, Edwards J (1989): Influence of body and race on bone mineral density of the midradius, hip. J Bone Miner Res 4(6): 827-830   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
48 Stevenson JC, Lees B, Devenport M (1989): Determinants of bone density in normal women: risk factors for future osteoporosis? BMJ 298 (8): 924-928
49 Koo JO, Kwak CS, Choi HM (1991): Effects of dietary protein levels and sources on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in young Korean women. Korean J Nutrition 24(2): 124-131
50 Yamaguchi T, Sugimoto T, Yano S, Yamauchi M, Sowa H, Chen Q (2002): Plasma lipids and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr J 49 (2): 211-217
51 National Rural Living Science Institute, R.D.A. (2001): Food Composition Table, 6th revision
52 Hong JY, Choue RW, Baek JY, Cho HJ, Song YB (1999): The study of correlation between serum vitamin K concentration and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutrition 32 (3) : 287-295
53 Metz JA, Anderson JJB, Gallagher Jr PN (1993): Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and protein and physical activity level are related to radial bone mass in young adult women. Am J Clin Nutr 58: 537-542   PUBMED
54 Calvo MS (1994): The effect of high phosphorus intake on calcium homeostasis. Adv Nutr Res 9: 183-207