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Miocene Crustal Deformation, Basin Development, and Tectonic Implication in the Southeastern Korean Peninsula  

Son, Moon (Department of Geological Sciences in PNU)
Song, Cheol Woo (Department of Geological Sciences in PNU)
Kim, Min-Cheol (Department of Geological Sciences in PNU)
Cheon, Youngbeom (Department of Geological Sciences in PNU)
Jung, Soohwan (Petroleum & Marine Resources Division in KIGAM)
Cho, Hyeongseong (Department of Geological Sciences in PNU)
Kim, Hong-Gyun (Geotechnical Engineering Research Division in KICT)
Kim, Jong Sun (Department of Geological Sciences in PNU)
Sohn, Young Kwan (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences in GNU)
Publication Information
Journal of the Geological Society of Korea / v.49, no.1, 2013 , pp. 93-118 More about this Journal
Abstract
Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks in SE Korea are divided into the Hyodongri Volcanics, Beomgokri, Janggi, and Yeonil groups in ascending order. The Hyodongri Volcanics are a dacitic-andesitic volcanic complex which locally erupted in the earliest stage of crustal deformation due to East Sea opening in the Late Oligocene. The Beomgokri and Janggi groups are redefined as volcanogenic rocks composed of dacitic and basaltic materials, respectively, and the intercalated terrestrial sediments that are filling the basins extended due to vigorous crustal deformation during the Early Miocene. The Beomgokri Group is conformably overlain by the Janggi Group. The Yeonil Group refers to non-volcanic terrestrial to marine sediments which accumulated in the Pohang Basin and the nearby areas east of the Yeonil Tectonic Line (YTL) because of rapid migration of depocenter at about 17 Ma. During the Early Miocene crustal deformation, parallelogram-shaped pull-apart basins formed between NNW-trending principal displacement zones (PDZs), accompanied with clockwise horizontal block rotation, northwestward block tilting, and southwestward propagating rifting. At about 17 Ma, the realm of crustal deformation in SE Korea expanded suddenly toward the west and the north because of the activation of YTL, resulting in dramatic change of depositional environment and the extension of the wedge-shaped pull-apart basins such as the Pohang and Ulsan basins. The YTL and the western border fault of the Pohang Basin, which intersect obliquely about $50^{\circ}$ in Bomun area, are the westernmost limit of the Miocene crustal deformation in SE Korea. Kinematic models for the East Sea opening include bar-door and pull-apart models. All the features of the Miocene crustal deformation in SE Korea reasonably support the latter. They also indicate that the NNW-trending faults like the YTL acted as the PDZs rather than the NNE-trending Yangsan Fault under a consistent dextral simple shear. At about 16 Ma, the collision of Philippine Sea Plate and the southwesternmost part of Japanese Islands caused a tectonic inversion from tensional to compressional stress regime in East Asia. This inversion resulted in the compositional change of basaltic magma at about 15 Ma, from subalkali to alkali, and the crustal uplift in SE Korea, which subsequently caused the cessation of sedimentation in the basins at about 10 Ma.
Keywords
East Sea opening; Miocene stratigraphy; dextral simple shear; pull-apart basin; Yeonil Tectonic Line; tectonic inversion;
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