Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00234

Growth patterns of preterm infants in Korea  

Lim, Joohee (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Yoon, So Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Lee, Soon Min (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.65, no.1, 2022 , pp. 1-9 More about this Journal
Abstract
With advancements in neonatal care and nutrition, the postnatal growth of preterm infants has improved; however, it remains an issue. Accurate assessments of growth using a standardized reference are needed to interpret the intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns of preterm infants. Growth in the earlier periods of life can contribute to later outcomes, and the refinement of postnatal growth failure is needed to optimize outcomes. Catch-up growth occurs mainly before discharge and until 24 months of age, and very low birth weight infants in Korea achieve retarded growth later in life. Knowing an infant's perinatal history, reducing morbidity rates during admission, and performing regular monitoring after discharge are required. Preterm infants with a lower birth weight or who were small for gestational age are at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Furthermore, poor postnatal growth is predictive of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Careful monitoring and early intervention will contribute to better development outcomes and national public health improvements.
Keywords
Growth; Preterm infants; Development; Growth failure;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Huh J, Kwon JY, Kim HR, Lee EH, Rhie YJ, Choi BM, et al. Comparison of postnatal catch-up growth according to definitions of small for gestational age infants. Korean J Pediatr 2018;61:71-7.   DOI
2 Lindstrom L, Ahlsson F, Lundgren M, Bergman E, Lampa E, Wikstrom AK. Growth patterns during early childhood in children born small for gestational age and moderate preterm. Sci Rep 2019;9:11578.   DOI
3 Taine M, Charles MA, Beltrand J, Roze JC, Leger J, Botton J, et al. Early postnatal growth and neurodevelopment in children born moderately preterm or small for gestational age at term: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018;32:268-80.   DOI
4 Dusick AM, Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA. Growth failure in the preterm infant: can we catch up? Semin Perinatol 2003;27:302-10.   DOI
5 Fenton TR, Chan HT, Madhu A, Griffin IJ, Hoyos A, Ziegler EE, et al. Preterm infant growth velocity calculations: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2017;139:e20162045   DOI
6 Connors JM, O'Callaghan MJ, Burns YR, Gray PH, Tudehope DI, Mohay H, et al. The influence of growth on development outcome in extremely low birth weight infants at 2 years of age. J Paediatr Child Health 1999;35:37-41.   DOI
7 Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 2005;115:696-703.   DOI
8 Kim S, Choi Y, Lee S, Ahn MB, Kim SH, Cho WK, et al. Growth patterns over 2 years after birth according to birth weight and length percentiles in children born preterm. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020;25:163-8.   DOI
9 Cheong JLY, Hunt RW, Anderson PJ, Howard K, Thompson DK, Wang HX, et al. Head growth in preterm infants: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and neurodevelopmental outcome. Pediatrics 2008;121:e1534-40.   DOI
10 Franz AR, Pohlandt F, Bode H, Mihatsch WA, Sander S, Kron M, et al. Intrauterine, early neonatal, and postdischarge growth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.4 years in extremely preterm infants after intensive neonatal nutritional support. Pediatrics 2009;123:e101-9.   DOI
11 Heinonen K, Lahti J, Sammallahti S, Wolke D, Lano A, Andersson S, et al. Neurocognitive outcome in young adults born late-preterm. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018;60:267-74.   DOI
12 Stathis SL, O'Callaghan M, Harvey J, Rogers Y. Head circumference in ELBW babies is associated with learning difficulties and cognition but not ADHD in the school-aged child. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:375-80.   DOI
13 Sicard M, Nusinovici S, Hanf M, Muller JB, Guellec I, Ancel PY, et al. Fetal and postnatal head circumference growth: Synergetic factors for neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age for preterm infants. Neonatology 2017;112:122-9.   DOI
14 Embleton NE, Pang N, Cooke RJ. Postnatal malnutrition and growth retardation: an inevitable consequence of current recommendations in preterm infants? Pediatrics 2001;107:270-3.   DOI
15 de Onis M. Update on the implementation of the WHO child growth standards. World Rev Nutr Diet 2013;106:75-82.   DOI
16 Kim JH, Yun S, Hwang SS, Shim JO, Chae HW, Lee YJ, et al. The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents: development, improvement, and prospects. Korean J Pediatr 2018;61:135-49.   DOI
17 Lubchenco LO, Hansman C, Dressler M, Boyd E. Intrauterine growth as estimated from liveborn birth-weight data at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1963;32:793-800.   DOI
18 Olsen IE, Groveman SA, Lawson ML, Clark RH, Zemel BS. New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data. Pediatrics 2010;125:e214-24.   DOI
19 Kim ES, Sohn JA, Lee EH, Choi EJ, Lee HJ, Lee JA, et al. Extrauterine growth restriction in very low birth weight infants. J Korean Soc Neonatol 2010;17:53-63.
20 Marks KA, Reichman B, Lusky A, Zmora E. Fetal growth and postnatal growth failure in very-low-birthweight infants. Acta Paediatr 2006;95:236-42.   DOI
21 Han JH, Yoon SJ, Lim JH, Shin JE, Song IG, Lee SM, et al. The impact of neonatal morbidities on child growth and developmental outcome in very low birthweight infants: nationwide cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2021 Jul 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04177-x. [Epub].   DOI
22 Hack M, Flannery DJ, Schluchter M, Carter L, Borawski E, Klein N. Outcomes in young adulthood for very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med 2002;346:149-57.   DOI
23 Song IG, Kim EK, Cho H, Shin SH, Sohn JA, Kim HS. Differential effect of growth on development between aga and SGA preterm infants. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:3022.   DOI
24 Villar J, Ismail LC, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, Altman DG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 2014;384:857-68.   DOI
25 Bertino E, Spada E, Occhi L, Coscia A, Giuliani F, Gagliardi L, et al. Neonatal anthropometric charts: the Italian neonatal study compared with other European studies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51:353-61.   DOI
26 Greer CF. Intrauterine growth as estimated from liveborn birth-weight data at 24 to 42 weeks of gestation, by Lula O. Lubchenco et al, Pediatrics, 1963;32:793-800. Pediatrics 1998;102(1 Pt 2):237-9.   DOI
27 Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13:59.   DOI
28 Sankilampi U. One size may not fit all when it comes to growth references for preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 2016;105:228-9.   DOI
29 Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11 2002;(246):1-190.
30 Griffin IJ, Tancredi DJ, Bertino E, Lee HC, Profit J. Postnatal growth failure in very low birth weight infants born between 2005 and 2012. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2016;101: F50-5.
31 Lim JH, Yoon SJ, Han JH, Shin JE, Lee SM, Eun HS, et al. Growth failure of very low birth weight infants during the first 3 years: a Korean Neonatal Network. PLoS One 2021;16:e0259080.   DOI
32 Fenton TR, Nasser R, Eliasziw M, Kim JH, Bilan D, Sauve R. Validating the weight gain of preterm infants between the reference growth curve of the fetus and the term infant. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13:92.   DOI
33 Pilling EL, Elder CJ, Gibson AT. Growth patterns in the growth-retarded premature infant. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;22:447-62.   DOI
34 Rocha PRH, Saraiva MDCP, Barbieri MA, Ferraro AA, Bettiol H. Association of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction with childhood motor development: Brisa cohort, Brazil. Infant Behav Dev 2020;58:101429.   DOI
35 Park HJ, Lee HY, Woo HK, Kim SN, Lee J, Yang HR, et al. et al. The usefulness of birth weight z-score as a predictor of catch up growth in preterm infants. Neonatal Med 2015;22:142-9.   DOI
36 Visuthranukul C, Abrams SA, Hawthorne KM, Hagan JL, Hair AB. Premature small for gestational age infants fed an exclusive human milk-based diet achieve catch-up growth without metabolic consequences at 2 years of age. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2019;104:F242-7.   DOI
37 Park JS, Han J, Shin JE, Lee SM, Eun HS, Park MS, et al. Postdischarge growth assessment in very low birth weight infants. Korean J Pediatr 2017;60:64-9.   DOI
38 Farooqi A, Hagglof B, Sedin G, Gothefors L, Serenius F. Growth in 10-to 12-year-old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study. Pediatrics 2006;118:e1452-65.   DOI
39 Egashira T, Hashimoto M, Shiraishi TA, Shichijo A, Egashira M, Mizukami T, et al. A longer body length and larger head circumference at term significantly influences a better subsequent psychomotor development in very-low-birth-weight infants. Brain Dev 2019;41:313-9.   DOI
40 Rowe DL, Derraik JGB, Robinson E, Cutfield WS, Hofman PL. Preterm birth and the endocrine regulation of growth in childhood and adolescence. Clin Endocrinol 2011;75:661-5.   DOI
41 Lee SM, Kim N, Namgung R, Park M, Park K, Jeon J. Prediction of postnatal growth failure among very low birth weight infants. Sci Rep 2018;8:3729.   DOI
42 Hack M, Breslau N, Weissman B, Aram D, Klein N, Borawski E. Effect of very low birth weight and subnormal head size on cognitive abilities at school age. N Engl J Med 1991;325:231-7.   DOI
43 McGowan JE, Alderdice FA, Holmes VA, Johnston L. Early childhood development of late-preterm infants: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2011;127:1111-24.   DOI
44 Sohn JA, Kim EK, Lee JA, Choi CW, Kim HS, Kim BI, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome according to prenatal and postnatal growth patterns in preterm infants. Neonatal Med 2016;23:108-15.   DOI
45 Sammallahti S, Heinonen K, Andersson S, Lahti M, Pirkola S, Lahti J, et al. Growth after late-preterm birth and adult cognitive, academic, and mental health outcomes. Pediatr Res 2017;81:767-74.   DOI
46 Dotinga BM, Eshuis MS, Bocca-Tjeertes IF, Kerstjens JM, Van Braeckel KN, Reijneveld SA, et al. Longitudinal growth and neuropsychological functioning at age 7 in moderate and late preterms. Pediatrics 2016;138:e20153638.   DOI
47 Ou-Yang MC, Sun Y, Liebowitz M, Chen CC, Fang ML, Dai W, et al. Accelerated weight gain, prematurity, and the risk of childhood obesity: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2020;15:e0232238.   DOI
48 Liao WL, Lin MC, Wang TM, Chen CH. Risk factors for postdischarge growth retardation among very-low-birth-weight infants: a nationwide registry study in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 2019;60:641-7.   DOI
49 Lima PA, Carvalho M, Costa AC, Moreira ME. Variables associated with extrauterine growth restriction in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2014;90:22-7.   DOI
50 Fenton TR, Cormack B, Goldberg D, Nasser R, Alshaikh B, Eliasziw M, et al. "Extrauterine growth restriction" and "postnatal growth failure" are misnomers for preterm infants. J Perinatol 2020;40:704-14.   DOI
51 Takeuchi A, Yorifuji T, Hattori M, Tamai K, Nakamura K, Nakamura M, et al. Catch-up growth and behavioral development among preterm, small-for-gestational-age children: a nationwide Japanese population-based study. Brain Dev 2019;41:397-405.   DOI
52 Morrison KM, Ramsingh L, Gunn E, Streiner D, Van Lieshout R, Boyle M, et al. Cardiometabolic health in adults born premature with extremely low birth weight. Pediatrics 2016;138:e20160515.   DOI
53 Senterre T, Rigo J. Optimizing early nutritional support based on recent recommendations in VLBW infants and postnatal growth restriction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;53:536-42.   DOI
54 Shim JW, Whang JH, Choi CW, Chang YS, Park WS. Failure to thrive of very low birth weight infants up to corrected 18 months of age. J Korean Soc Neonatol 2003;10:115-24.
55 Ma TH, Kim KA, Ko SY, Lee YK, Shin SM. Catch-up growth and development of very low birth weight infants. Korean J Pediatr 2006;49:29-33.   DOI
56 Van de Pol C, Allegaert K. Growth patterns and body composition in former extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates until adulthood: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr 2020;179:757-71.   DOI
57 Hollanders JJ, van der Pal SM, van Dommelen P, Rotteveel J, Finken MJJ. Growth pattern and final height of very preterm vs. very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 2017;82:317-23.   DOI
58 Toftlund LH, Halken S, Agertoft L, Zachariassen G. Catch-up growth, rapid weight growth, and continuous growth from birth to 6 years of age in very-preterm-born children. Neonatology 2018;114:285-93.   DOI
59 Raaijmakers A, Jacobs L, Rayyan M, van Tienoven TP, Ortibus E, Levtchenko E, et al. Catch-up growth in the first two years of life in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants is associated with lower body fat in young adolescence. PLoS One 2017;12:e0173349.   DOI
60 Yoon SJ, Lim J, Han JH, Shin JE, Lee SM, Eun HS, et al. Identification of growth patterns in low birth weight infants from birth to 5 years of age: nationwide Korean cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:1206.   DOI
61 Nobile S, Marchionni P, Carnielli VP. Neonatal outcome of small for gestational age preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 2017;176:1083-8.   DOI
62 Olbertz DM, Mumm R, Wittwer-Backofen U, Fricke-Otto S, Pyper A, Otte J, et al. Identification of growth patterns of preterm and small-for-gestational age children from birth to 4 years - do they catch up? J Perinat Med 2019;47:448-54.   DOI
63 Lim JW, Jun NL, Kim KA, Kim AR, Kim KS, Pi SY. Postnatal catch-up growth of very low birth weight infants. J Korean Soc Neonatol 2002;9:1-11.
64 Sullivan MC, McGrath MM, Hawes K, Lester BM. Growth trajectories of preterm infants: birth to 12 years. J Pediatr Health Care 2008;22:83-93.   DOI
65 Ghods E, Kreissl A, Brandstetter S, Fuiko R, Widhalm K. Head circumference catch-up growth among preterm very low birth weight infants: effect on neurodevelopmental outcome. J Perinat Med 2011;39:579-86.   DOI