Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01466

Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of bone fractures in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis  

Ayubi, Erfan (Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences)
Safiri, Saeid (Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)
Mansori, Kamyar (Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.64, no.3, 2021 , pp. 96-102 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on the risk of bone fractures in the offspring through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published through July 2019. According to heterogeneity, the pooled risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using fixed or random effects models. The heterogeneity and quality of the included studies were assessed by the I-squared (I2) statistic and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the effect of MSDP misclassification on the results. The review of 842 search records yielded 5 studies including 8,746 mother-child pairs that were included in the meta-analysis. Pooling adjusted effect measures showed that MSDP was not associated with a later risk of bone fractures in the offspring (pooled RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.84-1.58; I2=66.8%; P=0.049). After the adjustment for misclassification, MSDP may be associated with a 27% increased risk of bone fracture (pooled OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.00-1.62; I2=0%; P=0.537). After the adjustment for misclassification, MSDP is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.
Keywords
Maternal smoking; Meta analyses; Misclassification; Pregnancy; Bone fractures;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Heppe DH, Medina-Gomez C, Hofman A, Rivadeneira F, Jaddoe VW. Does fetal smoke exposure affect childhood bone mass? The Generation R Study. Osteoporos Int 2015;26:1319-29.   DOI
2 Ma DQ, Jones G. Clinical risk factors but not bone density are associated with prevalent fractures in prepubertal children. J Paediatr Child Health 2002;38:497-500.   DOI
3 Manias K, McCabe D, Bishop N. Fractures and recurrent fractures in children; varying effects of environmental factors as well as bone size and mass. Bone 2006;39:652-7.   DOI
4 Baker R, Orton E, Tata LJ, Kendrick D. Risk factors for long-bone fractures in children up to 5 years of age: a nested case-control study. Arch Dis Child 2015;100:432-7.   DOI
5 Goulding A, Cannan R, Williams SM, Gold EJ, Taylor RW, Lewis-Barned NJ. Bone mineral density in girls with forearm fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:143-8.   DOI
6 Lempesis V, Rosengren BE, Landin L, Tiderius CJ, Karlsson MK. Hand fracture epidemiology and etiology in children-time trends in Malmo, Sweden, during six decades. J Orthop Surg Res 2019;14:213.   DOI
7 Higgins JP, Green S, edtors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [Internet]. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011 [updated 2011 Mar; cited 2020 Apr 10]. Available from: http://www.handbook.cochrane.org.
8 Goulding A, Jones IE, Taylor RW, Manning PJ, Williams SM. More broken bones: a 4-year double cohort study of young girls with and without distal forearm fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:2011-8.   DOI
9 van den Heuvel EG, Steijns JM. Dairy products and bone health: how strong is the scientific evidence? Nutr Res Rev 2018;31:164-78.   DOI
10 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000097.   DOI
11 Rudang R, Mellstrom D, Clark E, Ohlsson C, Lorentzon M. Advancing maternal age is associated with lower bone mineral density in young adult male offspring. Osteoporos Int 2012;23:475-82.   DOI
12 Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG. Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins HP, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Cochrane book series. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008:243-96.
13 Stenevi Lundgren S, Rosengren BE, Dencker M, Nilsson JA, Karlsson C, Karlsson MK. Low physical activity is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture-a 2-year prospective study in children. Osteoporos Int 2017;28:3373-8.   DOI
14 Cooper C, Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Osmond C, Tuomilehto J, Barker DJ. Maternal height, childhood growth and risk of hip fracture in later life: a longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 2001;12:623-9.   DOI
15 Petersen SB, Olsen SF, Molgaard C, Granstrom C, Cohen A, Vestergaard P, et al. Maternal vitamin D status and offspring bone fractures: prospective study over two decades in Aarhus City, Denmark. PLoS One 2014;9:e114334.   DOI
16 Parviainen R, Auvinen J, Pokka T, Serlo W, Sinikumpu JJ. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with childhood bone fractures in offspring: a birth-cohort study of 6718 children. Bone 2017;101:202-5.   DOI
17 Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2010;25:603-5.   DOI
18 Jones G, Riley M, Dwyer T. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, growth, and bone mass in prepubertal children. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14:146-51.   DOI
19 Jones IE, Williams SM, Goulding A. Associations of birth weight and length, childhood size, and smoking with bone fractures during growth: evidence from a birth cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:343-50.   DOI
20 Javaid MK, Crozier SR, Harvey NC, Gale CR, Dennison EM, Boucher BJ, et al. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2006;367:36-43.   DOI
21 Yan C, Avadhani NG, Iqbal J. The effects of smoke carcinogens on bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2011;9:202-9.   DOI
22 Jones G, Hynes KL, Dwyer T. The association between breastfeeding, maternal smoking in utero, and birth weight with bone mass and fractures in adolescents: a 16-year longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 2013;24:1605-11.   DOI
23 Langhoff-Roos J, Wibell L, Gebre-Medhin M, Lindmark G. Effect of smoking on maternal glucose metabolism. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1993;36:8-11.   DOI
24 Jones IE, Williams SM, Dow N, Goulding A. How many children remain fracture-free during growth? A longitudinal study of children and adolescents participating in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Osteoporos Int 2002;13:990-5.   DOI
25 Macdonald-Wallis C, Tobias JH, Davey Smith G, Lawlor DA. Parental smoking during pregnancy and offspring bone mass at age 10 years: findings from a prospective birth cohort. Osteoporos Int 2011;22:1809-19.   DOI
26 Wong PK, Christie JJ, Wark JD. The effects of smoking on bone health. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007;113:233-41.   DOI
27 Zhang ZY, Zeng JJ, Kjaergaard M, Guan N, Raun K, Nilsson C, et al. Effects of a maternal diet supplemented with chocolate and fructose beverage during gestation and lactation on rat dams and their offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011;38:613-22.   DOI
28 Trygg K, Lund-Larsen K, Sandstad B, Hoffman HJ, Jacobsen G, Bakketeig LS. Do pregnant smokers eat differently from pregnant non-smokers? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1995;9:307-19.   DOI
29 Demir R, Demir AY, Yinanc M. Structural changes in placental barrier of smoking mother. A quantitative and ultrastructural study. Pathol Res Pract 1994;190:656-67.   DOI
30 Andersen MR, Walker LR, Stender S. Reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and concentration in fetal umbilical veins from maternal cigarette smokers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:346-51.   DOI
31 Jaddoe VW, Verburg BO, de Ridder MA, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, et al. Maternal smoking and fetal growth characteristics in different periods of pregnancy: the generation R study. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:1207-15.   DOI
32 Anderson LN, Heong SW, Chen Y, Thorpe KE, Adeli K, Howard A, et al. Vitamin D and fracture risk in early childhood: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2017;185:1255-62.   DOI
33 Vanhelst J, Vidal F, Turck D, Drumez E, Djeddi D, Devouge E, et al. Physical activity is associated with improved bone health in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Nutr 2019:S0261-5614(19)30300-0.