Oral findings and its association with prenatal and perinatal factors in newborns

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormalities in the newborn oral cavity and to evaluate the association with prenatal and perinatal factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 2,216 newborns. Oral findings were assessed in the first 24 hours of life using visual examination. Sex, weight, length, gestational age, and medical disorders at birth were recorded. Maternal demographic and medical information was also obtained. Results: The most common oral findings were Bohn's nodules, Epstein's pearls, and dental lamina cysts. Other intraoral findings included odontogenic cysts, ankyloglossia, and natal teeth, among others. In logistic regression analyses, folic acid consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with Bohn's nodules (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.55; P=0.002), Epstein's pearls (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.14-2.33; P=0.007), and dental lamina cysts (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.05; P=0.038). Moreover, preterm births were negatively associated with prevalence of Bohn's nodules (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80; $P{\leq}0.0001$). Comparison between newborns with and without oral inclusion cysts showed that maternal folic acid and iron intake were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion: Maternal folic acid and iron intake were associated with the prevalence of oral inclusion cysts.