Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2009.52.10.1061

Treatment of chronic kidney disease in children  

Lee, Joo Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.52, no.10, 2009 , pp. 1061-1068 More about this Journal
Abstract
The treatment of pediatric patients with chronic renal disease comprises management of nutritional imbalance, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances, mineral bone disease, anemia, hypertension, and growth retardation. The treatment also includes administration of appropriate renal replacement therapy, if required. Adequate dietary intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and caloric intake must be encouraged in such patients to ensure proper growth and development. In addition, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base status must be regularly monitored and should be well maintained. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels must be maintained at their target range, which are determined on the basis of the glomerular filtration rate, to avoid the development of mineral bone disease. This can be achieved by using phosphorus binders and vitamin D analogues. An erythropoiesis-stimulating agent must be administered along with iron supplementation to maintain the hemoglobin level of the patients between 11-12 g/dL. Hypertension must be controlled with adequate water and sodium balance and appropriate antihypertensive agents. Administration of recombinant human growth hormone is recommended to improve the final adult heights.
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease; Children; Treatment; Mineral bone disease; Anemia; Hypertension; Growth hormone;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Finn WF, Joy MS, Hladik G. Efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate for reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 2004;62:193-201   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
2 Yorgin PD, Al-Uzri A. Management of renal anemia. In: Warady BA, Schaefer FS, Fine RN, Alexander SR, editors. Pediatric dialysis. Boston: Kluwer academic publishers, 2004
3 Samuels JA, Sorof JM. Blood pressure management in the dialysis patient. Boston: Kluwer academic publishers, 2004
4 Neu AM, Fivush BA. Immunizations for pediatric dialysis patients. Adv Ren Replace Ther 2000;7:239-46   DOI   ScienceOn
5 National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in Children with CKD: 2008 update. Executive summary. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:S11-104
6 Mahan JD, Patel HP. Recent advances in pediatric dialysis: a review of selected articles. Pediatr Nephrol 2008;23:1737-47   DOI   ScienceOn
7 McSherry E, Morris RC, Jr. Attainment and maintenance of normal stature with alkali therapy in infants and children with classic renal tubular acidosis. J Clin Invest 1978;61:509-27   DOI
8 National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42:S1-201
9 Seeherunvong W, Nwobi O, Abitbol CL, Chandar J, Strauss J, Zilleruelo G. Paricalcitol versus calcitriol treatment for hyperparathyroidism in pediatric hemodialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2006;21:1434-9   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Narayan R, Perkins RM, Berbano EP, Yuan CM, Neff RT, Sawyers ES, et al. Parathyroidectomy versus cinacalcet hydrochloride-based medical therapy in the management of hyperparathyroidism in ESRD: a cost utility analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;49:801-13   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Rastogi A, Macdoougall IC, Nissenson AR. Anemia in PD patients. In: Khanna R, Krediet RT, editors. Nolph and Gokal's textbook of peritoneal dialysis. 3rd ed. Missouri: Springer Science, 2009:713-36
12 Coen G, Mazzaferro S, Ballanti P, Sardella D, Chicca S, Manni M, et al. Renal bone disease in 76 patients with varying degrees of predialysis chronic renal failure: a cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11:813-9   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Goldsmith DR, Scott LJ, Cvetkovic RS, Plosker GL. Sevelamer hydrochloride: a review of its use for hyperphosphataemia in patients with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis. Drugs 2008;68:85-104   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Amaral S, Hwang W, Fivush B, Neu A, Frankenfield D, Furth S. Association of mortality and hospitalization with achievement of adult hemoglobin targets in adolescents maintained on hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:2878-85   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Secker D. Achieving nutritional goals for children on dialysis. In: Warady BA, Schaefer FS, Fine RN, Alexander SR, editors. Pediatric dialysis. 1st ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004:221-42
16 Macdougall IC, Roberts DE, Coles GA, Williams JD. Clinical pharmacokinetics of epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin). Clin Pharmacokinet 1991;20:99-113   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Evenepoel P, Selgas R, Caputo F, Foggensteiner L, Heaf JG, Ortiz A, et al. Efficacy and safety of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:278-85   DOI   ScienceOn
18 National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline and Clinical Practice Recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease: 2007 update of hemoglobin target. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;50:471-530   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Vogt BA, Avner ED. Renal failure. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, F. SB, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2007:2206-14
20 Fine RN, Kohaut EC, Brown D, Perlman AJ. Growth after recombinant human growth hormone treatment in children with chronic renal failure: report of a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Genentech Cooperative Study Group. J Pediatr 1994;124:374-82   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Bernstein D. Diseases of the peripheral vascular system. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2007:1988-9
22 National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:S1-266   DOI   ScienceOn
23 National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:S1-290
24 Sadowski RH, Falkner B. Hypertension in pediatric patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;27:305-15   DOI   ScienceOn
25 National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:S1-121
26 Drueke TB, Ritz E. Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD patients with cinacalcet and/or vitamin D derivatives. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;4:234-41   DOI   ScienceOn