Browse > Article

Endocrine dysfunction and growth in children with medulloblastoma  

Yoon, In Suk (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Seo, Ji Young (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Shin, Choong Ho (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Kim, Il Han (Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Shin, Hee Young (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Yang, Sei Won (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Ahn, Hyo Seop (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.49, no.3, 2006 , pp. 292-297 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose : In medulloblastoma, craniospinal radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy improves the prognosis of tumors but results in significant endocrine morbidities. We studied the endocrine morbidity, especially growth pattern changes. Methods : The medical records of 37 patients with medulloblastoma were reviewed retrospectively for evaluation of endocrine function and growth. We performed the growth hormone stimulation test in 16 patients whose growth velocity was lower than 4 cm/yr. Results : The height loss was progressive in most patients. The height standard deviation score (SDS) decreased from $-0.1{\pm}1.3$ initially to $-0.6{\pm}1.0$ after 1 year(P<0.01). Growth hormone deficiency(GHD) developed in 14 patients. During the 2 years of growth hormone(GH) treatment, the improvements of height gain or progressions of height loss were not observed. Twelve patients(32.4 percent) revealed primary hypothyroidism. One of six patients diagnosed with compensated hypothyroidism progressed to primary hypothyroidism. Primary and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism were observed in two and one patients respectively. There was no proven case of central adrenal insufficiency. Conclusion : Growth impairment developed frequently, irrespective of the presence of GHD in childhood survivors of medulloblastoma. GH treatment may prevent further loss of height. The impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis is less common, while central adrenal insufficiency was not observed.
Keywords
Medulloblastoma; Growth failure; Hypothyroidism; Hypogonadism; Radiation therapy;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Rood BR, Macdonald TJ, Packer RJ. Current treatment of medulloblastoma : recent advances and future challenges. Semin Oncol 2004;31:666-75   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Oberfield SE, Allen JC, Pollack J, New MI, Levine LS. Long term endocrine sequelae after treatment of medulloblastoma. J Pediatr 1986;108:219-23   DOI
3 Brauner R, Czernichow P, Rappaport R. Greater susceptibility to hypothalamopituitary irradiation in younger children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr 1986;108:332
4 Clayton PE, Shalet SM. Dose dependency of time of onset of radiation‐induced growth hormone deficiency. J Pediatr 1991;118:226-8   DOI
5 Clayton PE, Shalet SM, Price DA. Growth response to growth hormone therapy following craniospinal irradiation. Eur J Pediatr 1988;147:597-601   DOI
6 Livesey EA, Hindmarsh PC, Brook CG, Whitton AC, Bloom HJ, Tobias JS, et al. Endocrine disorders following treatment of childhood brain tumours. Br J Cancer 1990;61:622-5   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Ricardi U, Corrias A, Einaudi S, Genitori L, Sandri A, di Montezemolo LC, et al. Thyroid dysfunction as a late effect in childhood medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50:1287-94   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Ogilvy-Stuart AL, Shalet SM, Gattamaneni HR. Thyroid function after treatment of brain tumors in children. J Pediatr 1991;119:733-7   DOI
9 Ogilvy-Stuart AL, Clayton PE, Shalet SM. Cranial irradiation and early puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:1282-6   DOI
10 Sulmont V, Brauner R, Fontoura M, Rappaport R. Response to growth hormone treatment and final height after cranial or craniospinal irradiation. Acta Paediatr Scand 1990;79:542-9   DOI
11 Stillman RJ, Schinfeld JS, Schiff I, Gelber RD, Greenberger J, Larson M, et al. Ovarian failure in long-term survivors of childhood malignancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;139:62-6   DOI
12 Brandes AA, Paris MK. Review of the prognostic factors in medulloblastoma of children and adults. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004;50:121-8   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Spoudeas HA, Hindmarsh PC, Matthews DR, Brook CG. Evolution of growth hormone neurosecretory disturbance after cranial irradiation for childhood brain tumours : a prospective study. J Endocrinol 1996;150:329-42   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Livesey EA, Brook CG. Gonadal dysfunction after treatment of intracranial tumours. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:495-500   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Chen MS, Lin FJ, Huang MJ, Wang PW, Tang S, Leung WM, et al. Prospective hormone study of hypothalamicpituitary function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after high dose irradiation. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1989;19: 265-70
16 McNeil DE, Cote TR, Clegg L, Rorke LB. Incidence and trends in pediatric malignancies medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor : a SEER update. surveillance epidemiology and end results. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:190-4   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Littley MD, Shalet SM, Beardwell CG, Robinson EL, Sutton ML. Radiation-induced hypopituitarism is dose-dependent. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf) 1989;31:363-73   DOI
18 Rose SR, Lustig RH, Pitukcheewanont P, Broome DC, Burghen GA, Li H, et al. Diagnosis of hidden central hypothyroidism in survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:4472-9   DOI
19 Pasqualini T, Diez B, Domene H, Escobar ME, Gruneiro L, Heinrich J, et al. Long‐term endocrine sequelae after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in children with medulloblastoma. Cancer 1987;59:801-6   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Darzy KH, Shalet SM. Radiation-induced growth hormone deficiency. Horm Res 2003;59 Suppl 1:1-11
21 Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Campbell RH, Deakin DP. Primary gonadal damage following treatment of brain tumors in childhood. J Pediatr 1983;103:562-5.   DOI
22 Bercu BB, Diamond FB Jr. Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;15:537-90   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Huang TS, Chen ST, Lui LT, Chang YL, Hsu MM. Early effects of cranial irradiation on hypothalamic pituitary function. J Formos Med Assoc 1990;89:541-7
24 Adan L, Trivin C, Sainte-Rose C, Zucker JM, Hartmann O, Brauner R. GH deficiency caused by cranial irradiation during childhood : factors and markers in young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5245-51   DOI
25 Xu W, Janss A, Moshang T. Adult height and adult sitting height in childhood medulloblastoma survivors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4677-81   DOI
26 Jakacki RI, Feldman H, Jamison C, Boaz JC, Luerssen TG, Timmerman R. A pilot study of preirradiation chemotherapy and 1800 cGy craniospinal irradiation in young children with medulloblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60:531-6   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Socie G, Curtis RE, Deeg HJ, Sobocinski KA, Filipovich AH, Travis LB, et al. New malignant diseases after allogeneic marrow transplantation for childhood acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:348-57   DOI
28 Tan BC, Kunaratnam N. Hypopituitary dwarfism following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Radiol 1966;17:302-4   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Shalet SM, Gibson B, Swindell R, Pearson D. Effect of spinal irradiation on growth. Arch Dis Child 1987;62:461-4   DOI
30 Song CK, Lee SY, Jung MH, Song J, Lee K, Lee K, et al. Endocrine dysfunction following treatment of medulloblastoma. J Korean Soc Pediatr Endocrinol 1999;4:201-21
31 Gleeson HK, Shalet SM. Endocrine complications of neoplastic diseases in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr 2001;13:346-51   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Brauner R, Rappaport R, Prevot C, Czernichow P, Zucker JM, Bataini P, et al. A prospective study of the development of growth hormone deficiency in children given cranial irradiation, and its relation to statural growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;68:346-51   DOI
33 Littley MD, Shalet SM, Morgenstern GR, Deakin DP. Endocrine and reproductive dysfunction following fractionated total body irradiation in adults. Q J Med 1991;78:265-74