Browse > Article

Methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate challenge tests in children with atopic asthma and with nonatopic asthma, and their relationships to blood eosinophil markers.  

Lee, Sun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
Kim, Do Kyun (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
Choi, Sun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
Koh, Young Yull (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.49, no.11, 2006 , pp. 1216-1222 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose : Though atopic and nonatopic asthma have different clinical manifestations, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway inflammations are common characteristics of them. We investigated BHR to both methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), and their relationships with blood eosinophil markers in nonatopic asthma as well as atopic asthma. Methods : We studied 116 children (82 atopics; 34 nonatopics) with mild to moderate asthma. Methacholine and AMP challenge tests were performed and bronchial responsiveness was expressed as $PC_{20}$ (provocative concentration causing a 20 percent fall in $FEV_1$); blood eosinopil counts (ETCs) and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were gauged. Results : In atopics, 95.1 percent and 90.2 percent showed hyperreactivity to methacholine ($PC_{20}$<16 mg/mL) and AMP ($PC_{20}$<200 mg/mL), respectively. Meanwhile, in nonatopics, 94.1 percent and 52.9 percent displayed hyperreactivity to methacholine and AMP, respectively. The geometric mean of AMP $PC_{20}$ was lower in atopics (31.6 mg/mL) than in nonatopics (125.9 mg/mL); that of methacholine $PC_{20}$ was similar in the two groups. AMP $PC_{20}$ correlated with blood ETCs in both atopics(r=-0.30, P<0.01) and nonatopics (r=-0.57, P<0.01), and correlated with serum ECP levels (r=-0.23, P<0.01) in atopics, but not in nonatopics. Apart from AMP, methacholine $PC_{20}$ was not associated with blood eosinophil markers in either group. Conclusion : Atopics more frequently displayed BHR to AMP than nonatopics. Furthermore, BHR to AMP was associated with not only blood ETCs, but serum ECP levels in atopics but was correlated with only blood ETCs in nonatopics. Those results suggest that BHR to AMP reflects airway inflammation in asthma and is more related to atopy.
Keywords
Atopic asthma; Nonatopic asthma; Methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness; AMP bronchial hyperresponsivenss; Eosinophil; ECP;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Gruber W, Eber E, Pfleger A, Modl M, Meister I, Weinhandl E, et al. Serum eosinophil cationic protein and bronchial responsiveness in pediatric and adolescent asthma patients. Chest 1999;116:301-5   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Piacentini GL, Bodini A, Costella S, Suzuki Y, Zerman L, Peterson CG, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide, serum ECP and airway responsiveness in mild asthmatic children. Eur Respir J 2000;15:839-43   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Niimi A, Matsumoto H. Serum measurement of eosinophil cationic protein in the management of asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999;5:111-7   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Corrigan C. Mechanisms of intrinsic asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;4:53-6   DOI   ScienceOn
5 van Den Berge M, Meijer RJ, Kerstjens HA, de Reus DM, Koeter GH, Kauffman HF, et al.$ PC_{20}$ adenosine 5'-monophosphate is more closely associated with airway inflammation in asthma than$ PC_{20}$ methacholine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1546-50   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Polosa R, Pagano C, Prosperini G, Low JL, Dokic D, Church MK, et al. Histamine release upon adenosine 5'-monophosphate( AMP) nasal provocation in allergic subjects. Thorax 1999;54:230-233   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Riise GC, Andersson B, Ahlstedt S, Enander I, Soderberg M, Lowhagen O, et al. Bronchial brush biopsies for studies of epithelial inflammation in stable asthma and nonobstructive chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 1996;9:1665-71   DOI
8 Kim DK, Choi SH, Yu JH, Yoo Y, Koh YY. Methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate challenge tests in children with asthma: relationship to eosinophil markers in blood. J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol(Korea) 2006;26:52-8
9 Niimi A, Amitani R, Suzuki K, Tanaka E, Murayama T, Kuze F. Serum eosinophil cationic protein as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28:233-40   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Claman DM, Boushey HA, Liu J, Wong H, Fahy JV. Analysis of induced sputum to examine the effects of prednisone on airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;94:861-9   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Venge P. Serum measurements of eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) in bronchial asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1993;23(2 Suppl):3S-7S
12 Oosterhoff Y, Koeter GH, De Monchy JG, Postma DS. Circadian variation in airway responsiveness to methacholine, propranolol, and AMP in atopic asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:512-7   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Chai H, Farr RS, Froehlich LA, Mathison DA, McLean JA, Rosenthal RR, et al. Standardization of bronchial inhalation challenge procedures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1975;56:323-7   DOI
14 Joos GF, O'Connor B, Anderson SD, Chung F, Cockcroft DW, Dahlen B, et al. Indirect airway challenges. Eur Respir J 2003;21:1050-68   DOI
15 Crimi E, Spanevello A, Neri M, Ind PW, Rossi GA, Brusasco V. Dissociation between airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:4-9   DOI   ScienceOn
16 van Velzen E, van den Bos JW, Benckhuijsen JA, van Essel T, de Bruijn R, Aalbers R. Effect of allergen avoidance at high altitude on direct and indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness and markers of inflammation in children with allergic asthma. Thorax 1996;51:582-4   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Gibson PG, Saltos N, Borgas T. Airway mast cells and eosinophils correlate with clinical severity and airway hyperresponsiveness in corticosteroid-treated asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:752-9   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Polosa R, Holgate ST. Adenosine bronchoprovocation: a promising marker of allergic inflammation in asthma- Thorax 1997;52:919-23   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Cockcroft DW. How best to measure airway responsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1514-5   DOI
20 De Meer G, Heederik D, Postma DS. Bronchial responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP) and methacholine differ in their relationship with airway allergy and baseline FEV1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:327-31   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Adelroth E, Rosenhall L, Johansson SA, Linden M, Venge P. Inflammatory cells and eosinophilic activity in asthmatics investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. The effects of antiasthmatic treatment with budesonide or terbutaline. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:91-9   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Ludviksdottir D, Janson C, Bjornsson E, Stalenheim G, Boman G, Hedenstrom H, et al. Different airway responsiveness profiles in atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and Sjogren's syndrome. BHR Study Group. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Allergy 2000;55:259-65   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Phillips GD, Holgate ST. Absence of a late-phase response or increase in histamine responsiveness after bronchial provocation with adenosine 5'-monophosphate in atopic and non-atopic asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 1988;75:429-36   DOI
24 Frigas E, Gleich GJ. The eosinophil and the pathophysiology of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;77:527-37   DOI
25 Peachell PT, Columbo M, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM, Marone G. Adenosine potentiates mediator release from human lung mast cells. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;138:1143-51   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Sun YH, Koh YY. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis(Korea) 2000;10:89-103
27 van Schoor J, Pauwels R, Joos G. Indirect bronchial hyperresponsiveness: the coming of age of a specific group of bronchial challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2005;35:250-61   DOI   ScienceOn
28 American Thoracic Society. Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:1107-36   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lemanske RF Jr, Busse WW. 6. Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(2 Suppl):502S-19S   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Alvarez MJ, Olaguibel JM, Garcia BE, Rodriquez A, Tabar AI, Urbiola E. Airway inflammation in asthma and perennial allergic rhinitis. Relationship with nonspecific bronchial responsiveness and maximal airway narrowing. Allergy 2000;55:355-62   DOI   ScienceOn