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Risk Factors for the Early Recognition of Cow's Milk Protein-induced Enterocolitis  

Lee, Sung Hyuk (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Choi, Seon Yun (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Lee, Byung Cheol (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Choi, Won Joung (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Choe, Byung Kyu (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Kim, Yeo Hyang (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Kang, Una (Departments of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Kam, Sin (Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine)
Hwang, Jin-Bok (Departments of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.48, no.9, 2005 , pp. 991-997 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose : Cow's milk protein-induced enterocolitis(CMPIE) is a symptom complex of vomiting and/or diarrhea caused by delayed hypersensitivity and may result in serious complications. This study was undertaken to identify high risk factors to facilitate the early recognition of CMPIE. Methods : We reviewed the data of 101 patients, aged 15 to 45 days, admitted due to vomiting and/or diarrhea between 2003 and 2004. After excluding 13 patients absolutely breast-fed and 2 patients transferred from other hospitals with the impression of CMPIE, the 86 study subjects were divided into three groups based on the underlying etiologies; CMPIE, infectious and non-infectious group. Results : CMPIE was diagnosed in 11 patients(12.8%). On admission, failure to gain weight(P=0.003), hypoalbuminemia(P=0.003), peripheral leukocytosis(P=0.015), and metabolic acidosis(P=0.014) were more significant in the CMPIE group than in the others. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of high risks for CMPIE were failure to gain weight <10 g/day(OR, 10.25[95% CI, 1.62-65.06]) and serum hypoalbuminemia <3.5 g/dL(OR, 9.18[95% CI, 1.69-49.74]). Cow's milk challenges were performed in the 11 CMPIE patients; vomiting(81.8%), abnormal stool test(80.0%), peripheral leukocyte count and absolute neutrophil count(ANC) increase(100.0%) (P<0.05), and enteropathy(100.0%). Conclusion : CMPIE is not a rare clinical disease in early infancy. The high risk factors of CMPIE were identified as follow : failure to gain weight below 10 g/day, hypoalbuminemia on admission and a rapid decrease during admission. Cow's milk challenge test with endoscopic duodenal biopsy was helpful to confirm CMPIE.
Keywords
Cow's milk protein-induced enterocolitis; Risk factor;
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