Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2011.52.11.1286

Use of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography to Analyze Macular Thickness According to Refractive Error  

Kim, Seung-Hoon (Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Park, Joo-Youn (Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Park, Tae-Kwann (Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Ohn, Young-Hoon (Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society / v.52, no.11, 2011 , pp. 1286-1295 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the correlation of macular retinal thickness and refractive error using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: A total of 120 eyes with no posterior abnormalities were enrolled in the present study. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on their spherical equivalent. Visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination, tonometry and fundus examination were performed. Retinal thickness between the RPE and IS/OS junction was measured at the fovea, 1 mm (inner ring) and 2 mm (outer ring) superiorly, inferiorly, nasally and temporally using SD-OCT. Overall average thickness, average foveal thickness, and the inner and outer ring macular thickness were measured. Results: The average foveal thickness was significantly greater in the high myopic eyes than in the low to moderate myopic and emmetropic eyes (p = 0.001). However, the RPE-IS/OS junction thickness of the foveola and the outer macular thickness were significantly lower (p = 0.001, p = 0.002) in the high myopic eyes. There was a weak, but significant negative correlation between refractive error and average foveal thickness (r = -0.38, p = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between refractive error and the RPE-IS/OS junction thickness (r = 0.40, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Macular retinal thickness is related to refractive error in normal subjects. Effects of eyeball elongation are more apparent in high myopic eyes than in low to moderate myopic eyes. A significant decline in the RPE-IS/OS junction thickness suggests the photoreceptor outer segments in the foveola are damaged in high myopic eyes.
Keywords
Macula; Macular thickness; Myopia; Refractive error; Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Katz J, Tielsch JM, Sommer A. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:334-40.
2 Wang Q, Klein BE, Klein R, Moss SE. Refractive status in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:4344-7.
3 Wong TY, Foster PJ, Hee J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:2486-94.
4 Kang SH, Kim PS, Choi DG. Prevalence of myopia in 19-year-old Korean males: The relationship between the prevalence and education or urbanization. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2004;45:2082-7.
5 Apple DJ, Fabb MF. Clinicopathologic Correlation of Ocular Disease: a Text and Stereoscopic Atlas. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1978;39-44.
6 Yanoff M, Fine BS. Ocular Pathology: A Text and Atlas. Philadelphia: Harper & Row, 1982;513-4.
7 Lim MC, Hoh ST, Foster PJ, et al. Use of optical coherence tomography to assess variations in macular retinal thickness in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:974-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Gobel W, Hartmann F, Haigis W. Determination of retinal thickness in relation to the age and axial length using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmologe 2001;98:157-62.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Wakitani Y, Sasoh M, Sugimoto M, et al. Macular thickness measurements in healthy subjects with different axial lengths using optical coherence tomography. Retina 2003;23:177-82.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Zou H, Zhang X, Xu X, Yu S. Quantitative in vivo retinal thickness measurement in Chinese healthy subjects with retinal thickness analyzer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:341-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Chan CM, Yu JH, Chen LJ, et al. Posterior pole retinal thickness measurements by the retinal thickness analyzer in healthy Chinese subjects. Retina 2006;26:176-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Lim MC, Hoh ST, Foster PJ, et al. Use of optical coherence tomography to assess variations in macular retinal thickness in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:974-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Lam DS, Leung KS, Mohamed S, et al. Regional variations in the relationship between macular thickness measurements and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:376-82.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Wu PC, Chen YJ, Chen CH, et al. Assessment of macular retinal thickness and volume in normal eyes and highly myopic eyes with third-generation optical coherence tomography. Eye 2008;22:551-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Sayanagi K, Ikuno Y, Soga K, Tano Y. Photoreceptor inner and outer segment defects in myopic foveoschisis. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;145:902-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Kleinstein RN, Jones LA, Hullett S, et al. Refractive error and ethnicity in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1141-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Lin LL, Shih YF, Hsiao CK, et al. Epidemiologic study of the prevalence and severity of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan in 2000. J Formos Med Assoc 2001;100:684-91.
18 Zejmo M, Forminska-Kapuscik M, Pieczara E, et al. Etiopathogenesis and management of high-degree myopia. Part I. Med Sci Monit 2009;15:199-202.
19 Ho J, Castro DP, Castro LC, et al. Clinical assessment of mirror artifacts in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:3714-20.   DOI
20 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study design and baseline patient characteristics. ETDRS Report No. 7. Ophthalmology 1991;98:741-56.
21 Kempen JH, Mitchell P, Lee KE, et al. The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:495-505.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Saw SM, Gazzard G, Shih-Yen EC, Chua WH. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005; 25:381-91   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Ikuno Y, Tano Y. Retinal and choroidal biometry in highly myopic eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:3876-80.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Ikuno Y, Jo Y, Hamasaki T, Tano Y. Ocular risk factors for choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:3721-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Curtin BJ, Karlin DB. Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye. Am J Ophthalmol 1971;71:42-53.
26 Grossniklaus HE, Green WR. Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia. Retina 1992;12:127-33.
27 Jonas JB, Berenshtein E, Holbach L. Lamina cribrosa thickness and spatial relationships between intraocular space and cerebrospinal fluid space in highly myopic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:2660-5.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 McDonnell JM. Ocular embryology and anatomy. In: Ogden TE, ed. Retina. Vol. 1. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1989; 5-16.
29 Song WK, Lee SC, Lee ES, et al. Macular Thickness Variations with Sex, Age, and Axial Length in Healthy Subjects: a Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:3913-8.   DOI
30 Choi SW, Lee SJ. Thickness changes in the fovea and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer depend on the degree of myopia. Korean J Ophthalmol 2006;20:215-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Li KY, Tiruveedhula P, Roorda A. Intersubject variability of foveal cone photoreceptor density in relation to eye length. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:6858-67.   DOI
32 Liang H, Crewther DP, Crewther SG, Barila AM. A role for photoreceptor outer segments in the induction of deprivation myopia. Vision Res 1995;35:1217-25.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Rostgaard J, Qvortrup K. A note about retinal structure and visual acuity. A light microscopic study of the cones in fovea centralis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999;77:45-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Kawabata H, Adachi-Usami E. Multifocal electroretinogram in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:2844-51.
35 Wolsley CJ, Saunders KJ, Silvestri G, Anderson RS. Investigation of changes in the myopic retina using multifocal electroretinograms, optical coherence tomography and peripheral resolution acuity. Vision Res 2008;48:1554-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Abbott CJ, Grunert U, Pianta MJ, McBrien NA. Retinal thinning in tree shrews with induced high myopia: optical coherence tomography and histological assessment. Vision Res 2011;51:376-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Teakle EM, Wildsoet CF, Vaney DI. The spatial organization of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the chicken retina and the consequences of myopia. Vision Res 1993;33: 2383-96.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Kang MS, Kyung SE, Chang MH. Mean macular volume in normal Korean eyes measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51:1077-83.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Kanai K, Abe T, Murayama K, Yoneya S. Retinal thickness and changes with age. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2002;106:162-5.
40 Kang JH, Kim SA, Song UG, Yun HS. Macular thickness changes with age in normal subjects measured by optical coherence tomography. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2004;45:592-8.
41 Kelty PJ, Payne JF, Trivedi RH, et al. Macular thickness assessment in healthy eyes based on ethnicity using Stratus OCT optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:2668-72.   DOI   ScienceOn