Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.4.363

Role of peripheral vestibular receptors in the control of blood pressure following hypotension  

Jin, Guang-Shi (Department of Cerebral Surgery, Yanbian University College of Clinical Medicine)
Li, Xiang-Lan (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University College of Medicine)
Jin, Yuan-Zhe (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University College of Medicine)
Kim, Min Sun (Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Brain Science Institute at Wonkwang University)
Park, Byung Rim (Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Brain Science Institute at Wonkwang University)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology / v.22, no.4, 2018 , pp. 363-368 More about this Journal
Abstract
Hypotension is one of the potential causes of dizziness. In this review, we summarize the studies published in recent years about the electrophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of hypotension-induced dizziness and the role of the vestibular system in the control of blood pressure in response to hypotension. It is postulated that ischemic excitation of the peripheral vestibular hair cells as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the inner ear following hypotension leads to excitation of the central vestibular nuclei, which in turn may produce dizziness after hypotension. In addition, excitation of the vestibular nuclei following hypotension elicits the vestibulosympathetic reflex, and the reflex then regulates blood pressure by a dualcontrol (neurogenic and humoral control) mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that peripheral vestibular receptors play a role in the control of blood pressure through neural reflex pathways. This review illustrates the dual-control mechanism of peripheral vestibular receptors in the regulation of blood pressure following hypotension.
Keywords
Dizziness; Epinephrine; Glutamate; Hypotension; Vestibulosympathetic reflex;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Convertino VA. Interaction of semicircular canal stimulation with carotid baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate. J Vestib Res. 1998;8:43-49.   DOI
2 Yates BJ, Aoki M, Burchill P, Bronstein AM, Gresty MA. Cardiovascular responses elicited by linear acceleration in humans. Exp Brain Res. 1999;125:476-484.   DOI
3 Yates BJ, Miller AD. Properties of sympathetic reflexes elicited by natural vestibular stimulation: implications for cardiovascular control. J Neurophysiol. 1994;71:2087-2092.   DOI
4 Gotoh TM, Fujiki N, Matsuda T, Gao S, Morita H. Roles of baroreflex and vestibulosympathetic reflex in controlling arterial blood pressure during gravitational stress in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004;286:R25-30.   DOI
5 Pemberton J. Does constitutional hypotension exist? BMJ. 1989;298:660-662.   DOI
6 Ohashi N, Imamura J, Nakagawa H, Mizukoshi K. Blood pressure abnormalities as background roles for vertigo, dizziness and disequilibrium. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1990;52:355-359.   DOI
7 Yang CS, Young YH. Clinical investigation on hypotensive patients with vertigo. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;263:804-808.   DOI
8 Park BR, Kim MS, Kim JH, Jin YZ. Effects of acute hypotension on neuronal activity in the medial vestibular nuclei of rats. Neuroreport. 2001;12:3821-3824.   DOI
9 Kim MS, Hyo Kim J, Kry D, Ae Choi M, Ok Choi D, Gon Cho B, Jin YZ, Ho Lee S, Park BR. Effects of acute hypotension on expression of cFos-like protein in the vestibular nuclei of rats. Brain Res. 2003;962:111-121.   DOI
10 Lee JO, Park SH, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Park BR, Kim JS. Vulnerability of the vestibular organs to transient ischemia: implications for isolated vascular vertigo. Neurosci Lett. 2014;558:180-185.   DOI
11 Hasegawa M, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi N, Okamoto A, Tamura T, Watanabe I. Blood pressure and cochlear blood flow in the guinea pig. Acta Otolaryngol. 1989;107:413-416.   DOI
12 Jiang X, Li LW, Lan Y, Yang YZ, Jin GS, Kim MS, Park BR, Jin YZ. Comparative analysis of vestibular receptor and baroreceptor inputs to the nucleus tractus solitarius following acute hypotension in conscious rats. Neurosci Lett. 2014;563:70-74.   DOI
13 Bunemann L, Jensen KA, Riisager S, Thomsen LJ. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside and metoprolol. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1991;8:197-201.
14 Hamaguchi M, Ishibashi T, Katsumata N, Mitomi A, Imai S. Effects of sodium nitroprusside (MR7S1) and nitroglycerin on the systemic, renal, cerebral, and coronary circulation of dogs anesthetized with enflurane. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1992;6:611-622.   DOI
15 Yamamoto K, Kubo T, Matsunaga T. Effects of asymmetric vertebral blood flow upon the vestibulo-ocular reflex of the rabbit. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1985;241:195-202.   DOI
16 Preckel MP, Degoute CS, Dubreuil C, Boulud B, Tassard AM, Banssillon V. Effects of buflomedil and naftidrofuryl on the human cochlear microcirculation measured by laser-Doppler. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 1995;116:69-72.
17 Angelborg C, Larsen HC. Blood flow in the peripheral vestibular system. J Otolaryngol. 1985;14:41-43.
18 Pujol R, Puel JL, Gervais d'Aldin C, Eybalin M. Pathophysiology of the glutamatergic synapses in the cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol. 1993;113:330-334.   DOI
19 Badoer E, McKinley MJ, Oldfield BJ, McAllen RM. Distribution of hypothalamic, medullary and lamina terminalis neurons expressing Fos after hemorrhage in conscious rats. Brain Res. 1992;582:323-328.   DOI
20 Krukoff TL, MacTavish D, Harris KH, Jhamandas JH. Changes in blood volume and pressure induce c-fos expression in brainstem neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1995;34:99-108.   DOI
21 Kim MS, Choi DO, Choi MA, Kim JH, Kim KY, Lee MY, Rhee JK, Chun SW, Park BR. Immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in rat vestibular nuclei following hemorrhagic hypotension. Neurosci Lett. 2004;360:49-52.   DOI
22 Li H, Godfrey DA, Rubin AM. Quantitative distribution of amino acids in the rat vestibular nuclei. J Vestib Res. 1994;4:437-452.
23 Smith PF, de Waele C, Vidal PP, Darlington CL. Excitatory amino acid receptors in normal and abnormal vestibular function. Mol Neurobiol. 1991;5:369-387.   DOI
24 Li XL, Nian B, Jin Y, Li LW, Jin GS, Kim MS, Park BR, Jin YZ. Mechanism of glutamate receptor for excitation of medial vestibular nucleus induced by acute hypotension. Brain Res. 2012;1443:27-33.   DOI
25 Smith PF, Darlington CL, Hubbard JI. Evidence for inhibitory amino acid receptors on guinea pig medial vestibular nucleus neurons in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 1991;121:244-246.   DOI
26 Schousboe A, Pasantes-Morales H. Potassium-stimulated release of [3H]taurine from cultured GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. J Neurochem. 1989;53:1309-1315.   DOI
27 Li XL, An Y, Jin QH, Kim MS, Park BR, Jin YZ. Changes of some amino acid concentrations in the medial vestibular nucleus of conscious rats following acute hypotension. Neurosci Lett. 2010;477:11-14.   DOI
28 Choi MA, Lee JH, Hwang JH, Choi SJ, Kim MS, Park BR. Signaling pathway of glutamate in the vestibular nuclei following acute hypotension in rats. Brain Res. 2008;1229:111-117.   DOI
29 Kumagai H, Oshima N, Matsuura T, Iigaya K, Imai M, Onimaru H, Sakata K, Osaka M, Onami T, Takimoto C, Kamayachi T, Itoh H, Saruta T. Importance of rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in determining efferent sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:132-141.   DOI
30 Lan Y, Lu HJ, Jiang X, Li LW, Yang YZ, Jin GS, Park JY, Kim MS, Park BR, Jin YZ. Analysis of the baroreceptor and vestibular receptor inputs in the rostral ventrolateral medulla following hypotension in conscious rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;19:159-165.   DOI
31 Spyer KM. Neural organisation and control of the baroreceptor reflex. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1981;88:24-124.
32 Yates BJ, Grelot L, Kerman IA, Balaban CD, Jakus J, Miller AD. Organization of vestibular inputs to nucleus tractus solitarius and adjacent structures in cat brain stem. Am J Physiol. 1994;267:R974-983.
33 Balaban CD, Beryozkin G. Vestibular nucleus projections to nucleus tractus solitarius and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve: potential substrates for vestibulo-autonomic interactions. Exp Brain Res. 1994;98:200-212.
34 Holstein GR, Friedrich VL Jr, Kang T, Kukielka E, Martinelli GP. Direct projections from the caudal vestibular nuclei to the ventrolateral medulla in the rat. Neuroscience. 2011;175:104-117.   DOI
35 Kalia M, Mesulam MM. Brain stem projections of sensory and motor components of the vagus complex in the cat: II. Laryngeal, tracheobronchial, pulmonary, cardiac, and gastrointestinal branches. J Comp Neurol. 1980;193:467-508.   DOI
36 Jiang X, Lan Y, Jin YZ, Park JY, Park BG, Ameer AN, Park BR. Effect of vestibulosympathetic reflex and baroreflex on expression of pERK in the aucleus tractus solitarius following acute hypotension in conscious rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;18:353-358.   DOI
37 Ray CA, Carter JR. Vestibular activation of sympathetic nerve activity. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;177:313-319.   DOI
38 Li LW, Jin GS, Yang YZ, Ameer AN, Kim MS, Park BR, Jin YZ. Effect of glutamate on the vestibulo-solitary projection after sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension in conscious rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;19:275-281.   DOI
39 Kerman IA, McAllen RM, Yates BJ. Patterning of sympathetic nerve activity in response to vestibular stimulation. Brain Res Bull. 2000;53:11-16.   DOI
40 Kerman IA, Yates BJ, McAllen RM. Anatomic patterning in the expression of vestibulosympathetic reflexes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000;279:R109-117.   DOI
41 Radtke A, Popov K, Bronstein AM, Gresty MA. Evidence for a vestibulo-cardiac reflex in man. Lancet. 2000;356:736-737.   DOI
42 Guyenet PG, Haselton JR, Sun MK. Sympathoexcitatory neurons of the rostroventrolateral medulla and the origin of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. Prog Brain Res. 1989;81:105-116.
43 Lan Y, Yang YZ, Jiang X, Li LW, Jin GS, Kim MS, Park BR, Jin YZ. Additive role of the vestibular end organ and baroreceptors on the regulation of blood pressure in rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013;17:367-373.   DOI
44 Lu HJ, Li MH, Li MZ, Park SE, Kim MS, Jin YZ, Park BR. Functional connections of the vestibulo-spino-adrenal axis in the control of blood pressure via the vestibulosympathetic reflex in conscious rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;19:427-434.   DOI
45 Park SE, Jin YZ, Park BR. Dual control of the vestibulosympathetic reflex following hypotension in rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;21:675-686.   DOI
46 Yates BJ, Siniaia MS, Miller AD. Descending pathways necessary for vestibular influences on sympathetic and inspiratory outflow. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:R1381-1385.   DOI
47 Wilson VJ, Jones GM. Mammalian vestibular physiology. New York: Plenum press; 1979.
48 Yates BJ. Vestibular influences on the sympathetic nervous system. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1992;17:51-59.   DOI
49 Doba N, Reis DJ. Role of the cerebellum and the vestibular apparatus in regulation of orthostatic reflexes in the cat. Circ Res. 1974;34:9-18.   DOI
50 Park BR, Kim MS, Lee MY, Kim YK, Choi SC, Nah YH. Effects of galvanic stimulation of the mastoid process on the gastric motility induced by caloric stimulation. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1999;26:263-268.   DOI
51 Graybiel A, Miller EF 2nd, Newsom BD, Kennedy RS. The effect of water immersion on perception of the oculogravic illusion in normal and labyrinthine-defective subjects. Acta Otolaryngol. 1968;65:599-610.
52 Normand H, Etard O, Denise P. Otolithic and tonic neck receptors control of limb blood flow in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997;82:1734-1738.   DOI
53 Kennedy RS, Graybiel A, McDonough RC, Beckwith FD. Symptomatology under storm conditions in the North Atlantic in control subjects and in persons with bilateral labyrinthine defects. Acta Otolaryngol. 1968;66:533-540.   DOI
54 Kolev OI, Tibbling L. Vestibular and cardiac reactions to open-sea exposure. J Vestib Res. 1992;2:153-157.