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http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/KWJS.2008.26.2.062

Behavior of Weld Pool Shape and Weld Surface Deformation as a Function of Spot-GTA Welding Position for 304 Stainless Steel  

Kang, Nam-Hyun (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University)
Park, Yeong-Do (Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University)
Cho, Kyung-Mox (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University)
Singh, Jogender (Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University)
Kulkarni, Anil (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University)
Publication Information
Journal of Welding and Joining / v.26, no.2, 2008 , pp. 62-68 More about this Journal
Abstract
Effects of gravitational orientation on gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for 304 stainless steel were studied to determine the critical factors for weld pool formation, such as weld surface deformation and weld pool shape. This study was accomplished through an analytical study of weld pool stability as a function of primary welding parameters (arc current and arc holding time), material properties (surface tension and density), and melting efficiency (cross-sectional area). The stability of weld pool shape and weld surface deformation was confirmed experimentally by changing the welding position. The arc current and translational velocity were the major factors in determining the weld pool stability as a function of the gravitational orientation. A 200A spot GTAW showed a significant variation of the weld pool formation as the arc held longer than 3 seconds, however the weld pool shape and surface morphology for a 165A spot GTAW were 'stable', i.e., constant regardless of the gravitational orientation. The cross-sectional area of the weld (CSA) was one of the critical factors in determining the weld pool stability. The measured CSA ($13.5mm^2$) for the 200A spot GTAW showed a good agreement with the calculated CSA ($14.9mm^2$).
Keywords
Weld pool shape; Weld surface deformation; 304 stainless steel; Gravitational orientation; Welding position; Cross-sectional area (CSA); Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW);
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