[KSCI] Korea Science Citation Index Service

http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2019.22.031

An In Vitro and In Vivo Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Pistacia khinjuk and Allium sativum Essential Oils

Ghajarbeygi, Peyman (Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences)
Hajhoseini, Ashraf (Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences)
Hosseini, Motahare-Sadat (Biomaterials Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology)
Sharifan, Anoosheh (Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University)

Publication Information

Journal of Pharmacopuncture / v.22, no.4, 2019 , pp. 231-238 More about this Journal

Abstract

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD), an overwhelming neurodegenerative disease, has deleterious effects on the brain that consequently causes memory loss and language impairment. This study was intended to investigate the neuroprotective activity of the two essential oils (EOs) from Iranian Pistacia khinjuk (PK) leaves and Allium sativum (AS) cloves against β-Amyloid 25-35 (Aβ25-35) induced elevation of cholinesterase enzymes in AD. Methods: The EOs of PK (PKEO) and AS (ASEO) were prepared and analyzed in terms of extraction yield, phenolic content, and cholinergic markers in vitro. Moreover, both were administered orally to adult male Wistar rats at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3%. The inhibitory potential of PKEO and ASEO was compared with Donepezil (0.75 mg/kg) against the high activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Results: PKEO reached an inhibition rate of 83.6% and 81.4% against AChE and BChE, respectively. ASEO had lower anti-cholinesterase activity (65.4% and 31.5% for the inhibition AChE and BChE). PKEO was found to have more phenolic content than ASEO. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the total phenolics and anti-cholinesterase potential. In rats, both EOs decreased the enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner. As compared with Donepezil, the significant difference in the AChE and BChE inhibition occurred as rats were treated with PKEO 3% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that PKEO and ASEO are potent inhibitors of AChE and BChE in rats that hold promise to be used for the treatment of AD.

Keywords

alzheimer disease; cholinesterase inhibitor; phenols; wistar rats;

Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By KSCI : 1 (Citation Analysis)

Reference
Cited By KSCI

1	Ncir M, Saoudi M, Sellami H, Rahmouni F, Lahyani A, Makni Ayadi F, et al. In vitro and in vivo studies of Allium sativum extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress in rats brain and kidney. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2018;124(3):207-17. DOI
2	Azimi M, Sharifan A, Ghiasi Tarzi B. The Use of Pistacia khinjuk Essential Oil to Modulate Shelf-Life and Organoleptic Traits of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat. J Food Process Preserv; 2016.
3	Asha H. A Review: Natural Compounds as Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Agents. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 2017;13(4):247-54.
4	Hacibekiroglu Ii, Yilmaz PK, Hasimi N, Kilinc E, Tolan V, Kolak U. In vitro biological activities and fatty acid profiles of Pistacia terebinthus fruits and Pistacia khinjuk seeds. Natural product research. 2015;29(5):444-6. DOI
5	Rahnama M, Najimi M, Ali S. Antibacterial effects of Myristica fragrans, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Syzygium aromaticum, and Zingiber officinale Rosci essential oils, alone and in combination with nisin on Listeria monocytogenes. Comp Clin Pathol. 2012;21(6):1313-6. DOI
6	Khadri S, Boutefnouchet N, Dekhil M. Antibacterial activity evaluation of Allium sativum essential oil compared to different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Eastern Algeria. Scientific Study & Research. 2010;11(4):421-8.
7	Lawrence R, Lawrence K. Antioxidant activity of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) grown in north Indian plains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011;1(Suppl 1):S51-S54. DOI
8	Mnayer D, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Petitcolas E, Hamieh T, Nehme N, Ferrant C, et al. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of six essentials oils from the Alliaceae family. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2014;19(12):20034-53. Epub 2014/12/04. DOI
9	Casella S, Leonardi M, Melai B, Fratini F, Pistelli L. The role of diallyl sulfides and dipropyl sulfides in the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of garlic, Allium sativum L., and leek, Allium porrum L. Phytotherapy Research. 2013;27(3):380-3. DOI
10	Corzo-Martinez M, Corzo N, Villamiel M. Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends in food science & technology. 2007;18(12):609-25. DOI
11	Sultana B, Anwar F, Przybylski R. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components present in barks of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica, and Eugenia jambolana Lam. trees. Food Chemistry. 2007;104(3):1106-14. DOI
12	Borek C. Garlic reduces dementia and heart-disease risk. J Nutr. 2006;136(3):810S-2S. DOI
13	Borek C. Antioxidant and cancer. Sci Med. 1997;4:51-62.
14	Rauf A, Patel S. Pistagremic acid as a broad spectrum natural inhibitor from Pistacia integerrima Stewart. Natural product research. 2017;31(4):367-8. DOI
15	Aktumsek A, Zengin G, Guler GO, Cakmak YS, Duran A. Antioxidant potentials and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three endemic Centaurea L. species. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2013;55:290-6. Epub 2013/01/30. DOI
16	Kumar A, Prakash A, Dogra S. Centella asiatica attenuates D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. International journal of Alzheimer's disease. 2011;2011:1-9. DOI
17	Gutteridge JM. Free radicals in disease processes: a compilation of cause and consequence. Free radical research communications. 1993;19(3):141-58. Epub 1993/01/01. DOI
18	Houghton PJ, Howes MJ. Natural products and derivatives affecting neurotransmission relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Neurosignals. 2005;14(1-2):6-22. DOI
19	Bartus RT, Dean Rr, Beer B, Lippa AS. The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science. 1982;217(4558):408-14. DOI
20	Du X, Wang X, Geng M. Alzheimer's disease hypothesis and related therapies. Translational Neurodegeneration. 2018;7:2. DOI
21	Heinrich M, Lee Teoh H. Galanthamine from snowdrop-the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer's disease from local Caucasian knowledge. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2004;92(2-3):147-62. DOI
22	Grutzendler J, Morris JC. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Drugs. 2001;61(1):41-52. DOI
23	Kumar A, Singh A, Ekavali. A review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and its management: an update. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67(2):195-203. DOI
24	Nishiyama N, Moriguchi T, Morihara N, Saito H. Ameliorative effect of S-allylcysteine, a major thioallyl constituent in aged garlic extract, on learning deficits in senescence-accelerated mice. The Journal of nutrition. 2001;131(3):1093S-5S. DOI
25	Essa MM, Vijayan RK, Castellano-Gonzalez G, Memon MA, Braidy N, Guillemin GJ. Neuroprotective effect of natural products against Alzheimer's disease. Neurochemical research. 2012;37(9):1829-42. DOI
26	Ebrahimpour S, Fazeli M, Mehri S, Taherianfard M, Hosseinzadeh H. Boswellic Acid Improves Cognitive Function in a Rat Model Through Its Antioxidant Activity: - Neuroprotective effect of Boswellic acid. J Pharmacopuncture. 2017;20(1):10-7. DOI
27	Edris AE. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2007;21(4):308-23. DOI
28	Ayaz M, Junaid M, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Khan MA, Ahmad W, et al. Comparative chemical profiling, cholinesterase inhibitions and anti-radicals properties of essential oils from Polygonum hydropiper L: A Preliminary anti- Alzheimer's study. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2015;14:141. DOI
29	Okello E, Dimaki C, Howes M, Houghton P, Perry E. In vitro inhibition of human acetyl-and butyryl-cholinesterase by Narcissus poeticus L. (Amaryllidaceae) flower absolute. Int J Essent Oil Ther. 2008;2:105-10.
30	Tasnim S, Haque PS, Bari MS, Hossain MM, Islam SMA, Shahriar M, et al. Allium sativum L. improves visual memory and attention in healthy human volunteers. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015;2015.
31	Chauhan NB. Anti-amyloidogenic effect of Allium sativum in Alzheimer's transgenic model Tg2576. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy. 2003;3(1):95-107. DOI
32	Moyo M, Ndhlala AR, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Phenolic composition, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Sclerocarya birrea and Harpephyllum caffrum (Anacardiaceae) extracts. Food Chemistry. 2010;123(1):69-76. DOI
33	Mikaili P, Maadirad S, Moloudizargari M, Aghajanshakeri S, Sarahroodi S. Therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties of garlic, shallot, and their biologically active compounds. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2013;16(10):1031-48. Epub 2014/01/01.
34	Cortes N, Posada-Duque RA, Alvarez R, Alzate F, Berkov S, Cardona-Gomez GP, et al. Neuroprotective activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of five Amaryllidaceae species: A comparative study. Life sciences. 2015;122:42-50. DOI
35	Heinrich M, Teoh HL. Galanthamine from snowdrop-the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer's disease from local Caucasian knowledge. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2004;92(2-3):147-62. DOI
36	Kumar S. Dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes by allicin. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2015;47(4):444-6. DOI
37	Elufioye TO, Obuotor EM, Agbedahunsi JM, Adesanya SA. Anticholinesterase constituents from the leaves of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae). Biologics : Targets & Therapy. 2017;11:107-14. DOI
38	Ali Reza ASM, Hossain MS, Akhter S, Rahman MR, Nasrin MS, Uddin MJ, et al. In vitro antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of Elatostema papillosum leaves and correlation with their phytochemical profiles: a study relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2018;18:123. DOI
39	Bone K, Mills S. Principles and practice of phytotherapy: modern herbal medicine. London, UK: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
40	Nishiyama N, Moriguchi T, Saito H. Beneficial effects of aged garlic extract on learning and memory impairment in the senescence-accelerated mouse. Experimental gerontology. 1997;32(1-2):149-60. Epub 1997/01/01. DOI
41	Ghasemi Pirbalouti A, Aghaee K. Chemical composition of essential oil of Pistacia khinjuk stocks grown in Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran. Electronic Journal of Biology. 2011;7(4):67-9.
42	Abolghasemi A, Shojaaddini M, Tajabadipour A, Sefidkon F. Composition of Pistacia khinjuk (Anacardiaceae) Leaf Essential Oil and its Insecticidal Activity on Common Pistachio Psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem., Psylloidea). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2018;21(3):796-802. DOI
43	Taran M, Sharifi M, Azizi E, Khanahmadi M. Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Pistacia khinjuk. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2010;1(33):81-5.
44	Inglis F. The tolerability and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia. International journal of clinical practice Supplement. 2002(127):45-63.
45	Jann MW, Shirley KL, Small GW. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cholinesterase inhibitors. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2002;41(10):719-39. DOI
46	Sosa-Ortiz AL, Acosta-Castillo I, Prince MJ. Epidemiology of dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Archives of medical research. 2012;43(8):600-8. DOI
47	Taran M, Sharifi M, Azizi E, Khanahmadi M. Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Pistacia khinjuk. J Medicin Plant 2010;1(33):81-5.
48	Moriguchi T, Saito H, Nishiyama N. Anti-ageing effect of aged garlic extract in the inbred brain atrophy mouse model. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 1997;24(3-4):235-42. Epub 1997/03/01. DOI
49	De Pooter H, Schamp N, Aboutabl E, El Tohamy S, Doss S. Essential oils from the leaves of three Pistacia species grown in Egypt. Flavour and Fragrance journal. 1991;6(3):229-32. DOI