Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2014.17.026

Intravenous Single-dose Toxicity of Mountain Ginseng Pharmacopuncture in Sprague-Dawley Rats  

Lee, Kwangho (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Sangji University College of Korean Medicine)
Sun, Seungho (Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Sangji University College of Korean Medicine)
Yu, Junsang (Department of Internal Medicine, Sangji University College of Korean Medicine)
Lim, Chungsan (Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Sangji University College of Korean Medicine)
Kwon, Kirok (Research Center of the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute)
Publication Information
Journal of Pharmacopuncture / v.17, no.3, 2014 , pp. 50-56 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: Mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture (MGP) is an extract distilled from either mountain cultivated ginseng or mountain wild ginseng. This is the first intravenous injection of pharmacopuncture in Korea. The word intravenous does not discriminate between arteries, veins, and capillaries in Oriental Medicine, but only the vein is used for MGP. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intravenous injection toxicity of MGP through a single-dose test in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Male and female 6-week-old SD rats were injected intravenously with MGP (high dosage of 20 mL/kg or low dosage of 10 mL/kg). Normal saline was injected into the rats in the control group by using the same method. After the rats has treated, we conducted clinical observations, body-weight measurements and histological observations. Results: In this study, no mortalities were observed in any of the experimental groups. Also, no significant changes by the intravenous injection of MGP were observed in the body weights, or the histological observations in any of the experimental groups compared to the control group. The lethal dose for intravenous injection of MGP was found to be over 20 mL/kg in SD rats. Conclusion: Considering that the dosage of MGP generally used each time in clinical practice is about 0.3 mL/kg, we concluded with confidence that MGP is safe pharmacopuncture.
Keywords
acupuncture; ginseng; intravenous toxicity; mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture; oriental medicine;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 28  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Bang SH, Kwon KR, Yoo HS. [Two cases of non small cell lung cancer treated with intravenous cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2008;11(2):13-9. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Kwon KR, Kim HD, Kim JS, Yoo HS, Cho CK. Case series of non-small cell lung cancer treated with mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(1):61-8.   DOI
3 Lee JH, Kwon KR, Cho CK, Han SS, Yoo HS. Advanced cancer patients treated with cultivated wild ginseng phamacopuncture. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2010;3(2):119-24.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Lee YH, Kim CW, Lee KH. [A case report of monitoring PSA level changes in two prostate cancer patients treated with mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture and sweet bee venom along with western anticancer therapy]. J Pharmacopunct. 2011;14(4):81-8. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Ryu YJ, Lee KH, Kwon KR, Lee YH, Sun SH, Lee SJ. [Mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture treatment on three amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients]. J Pharmacopunct. 2010;13(4):119-28. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Park WP, Kwon KR, Lee E. [Effects of distilled cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture in rats with diabetes induced high fat diet]. J Pharmacopunct. 2005;8(2):97-108. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Min BI, Kim HH, Seo IB, Kwon KR. [Antitumor effects and protective effects against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity of cultivated wild ginseng extract in the B16/F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice]. J Pharmacopunct. 2007;10(1):85-100. Korean.
8 Hwang JW, Oh JH, Yoo HS, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kwon KR, et al. Mountain ginseng extract exhibits anti-lung cancer activity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-$\kappa$B. Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(1):187-202.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Hong MH, Lim HK, Park JE, Jun NJ, Lee YJ, Cho MJ, et al. [The antihypertensive and vasodilating effects of adventitious root extracts of wild ginseng]. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 2008;51(2):102-7. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Kim BW, Kwon KR. [The effect of cultivated wild ginseng extract on preadipocyte proliferation]. J Pharmacopunct. 2007;10(3):29-36. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kwon SO, Choi SM, Kim MH, Lee BB, Park MW, Lee HJ, et al. [Antidepressant effect of the subchronic administration of the methanolic extract of wild-ginseng and cultivated-ginseng in mice tail suspension test]. J Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2009;26(4):99-106. Korean.   과학기술학회마을
12 Kwon, KR, Park CW, Ra MS, Cho CK. Clinical observation of multiple metastatic cancer patient with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture. J Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2005;22(2):211-7.   과학기술학회마을
13 Kwon KR, Cho AL, Lee SG. [The study on acute and subacute toxicity and anti-cancer effects of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2003;6(2):7-27. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kim HS, Park HS, Kwon KR. [Protective effect of wild ginseng extract against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells using DNA chip]. J Pharmacopunct. 2007;10(1):121-35. Korean.
15 Jang HY, Park HS, Kwon KR, Rhim TJ. [A study on the comparison of antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and cultivated ginseng extracts]. J Pharmacopunct. 2008;11(3):67-78. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Rhim TJ, Jeong HS, Kim YJ, Kim DY, Han YJ, Kwon HY, et al. [A study on the comparison of antioxidant effects among cultivated ginseng, and cultivated wild ginseng extracts]. J Pharmacopunct. 2009;12(2):7-12. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Cho HC, Lee SG, Kwon KR. [An experimental study on apoptosis of cultivated wild ginseng distilled herbal acupuncture by concentration level]. J Pharmacopunct. 2004;7(2): 5-17. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kwon KR, Yoon HC, Kim HH. [Anti-cancer effects of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture in C57BL/6 mice injected with B16/F10 cells reproductive toxicity by doxorubicin]. J Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2006;23(1):105-20. Korean.   과학기술학회마을
19 Lim SY, Lee SJ, Kwon KR. [Anti-cancer and promoting effects of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture on hepatic metastatic model using colon26-L5 carcinoma cells]. J Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2006;23(1):121-34. Korean.   과학기술학회마을
20 Cho BJ, Kwon KR. [Effects of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture to the serum cytokine on hepatic metastatic model using colon26-L5 carcinoma cells]. J Pharmacopunct. 2006;9(1):127-37. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Kwon KR. [A clinical study on the effects of intravenous wild ginseng herbal acupuncture on the human body]. J Pharmacopunct. 2004;7(1):15-26. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Kwon KR, Kang TS, Lee SK. [Analysis of serum proteom before and after intravenous injection of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2004;7(3):5-25. Korean.
23 Lee DH, Kwon KR. [Analysis of serum proteom before and after intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2006;9(2):17-38. Korean.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Roh JD, Kim LH, Song BY, Yook TH. [The effects of distilled wild ginseng herbal acupuncture on the heart rate variability (HRV)]. J Pharmacopunct. 2008;11(1):55-69. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Park SW, Kim YS, Hwang WD, Kim GC. [Effect of pulsewave factors in middle aged women by mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2011;14(1):35-49. Korean.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Kim YJ, Park DI, Kwon KR. [Case report on the improvement of liver functions by mountain cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2009;12(2):107-12. Korean.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Kim YJ, Park HS, Kwon KR, Kim HY. [Protective effects of cultivated ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng of korean and chinese against CCl4 and t-BHP induced acute hepatotoxicity ICR mice]. J Pharmacopunct. 2007;10(1):101-7. Korean.
28 Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute. Pharmacopuncturology. Seoul: Elsevier Korea; 2012. p. 191-7.
29 Choi EJ, Lee JM, Won SH, Kwon KR. [Effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture on lowering lipid and oxidative capacity in biochemical and molecular biological study in obese rats]. J Pharmacopunct. 2006;9(1):5-20. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Ahn YM, Park HS, Kwon KR. [Anti-cancer and anti- oxidant efficacies of wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng of korea and china]. J Pharmacopunct. 2007;10(1):5-16. Korean.
31 Kwon KR, Wi JS, Kim SW. [Literature study of wild ginseng]. J Pharmacopunct. 2003;6(2):67-75. Korean.
32 Lee KH, Kwon KR, Kang WM, Jeon EY, Jang JH. Identification and analysis of the chloroplast rpoC1 gene differentially expressed in wild ginseng. J Pharmacopunct. 2012;15(2):20-3.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Han YJ, Kwon KR, Kang WM, Jeon EY, Jang JH. Identification and analysis of the novel pGAPDH-w gene differentially expressed in wild ginseng. J Pharmacopunct. 2013;16(1):30-6.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Kwon KR, Park WP, Kang WM, Jeon EY, Jang JH. Identification and analysis of differentially expressed genes in mountain cultivated ginseng and mountain wild ginseng. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(2):123-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Kwon KR. Anticancer effect of mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture to the nude mouse of lung carcinoma induced by NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Pharmacopunct. 2010;13(1):5-14.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
36 M.S Bartlett. Properties of sufficiency and statistical test. Pros. R. Soc. Lond. A. 1937;160:268-82.   DOI
37 Han YJ, Kwon KR, Kang WM, Jeon EY, Jang JH. Identification and expression analysis of chloroplast p-psbB gene differentially expressed in wild ginseng. J Pharmacopunct. 2012;15(1):18-22.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
38 C.W. Dunnett. New tables for multiple comparisons with control. Biometrics. 1964;20(3):482-91.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Lee JY, Cho BJ, Kwon KR, Kang DI. [Literary study of hyeolmaek(血脈)]. J Pharmacopunct. 2005;8(3):11-9. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Kang MS. [Review on hyolmaek(血脈) through hwangjenaegyeong youngchu]. J Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 2010;27(6):111-4. Korean.   과학기술학회마을
41 BK Park, CK Cho, KR Kwon, HS Yoo. [A case report for stage IIIB squamous cell lung carcinoma patient treated with mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture]. J Pharmacopunct. 2007;10(3):143-7. Korean.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn