Inequality in Private Health Care Expenditures: A 36-Year Trend Study of Iranian Households |
Aghapour, Ehsan
(Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences)
Basakha, Mehdi (Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences) Kamal, Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi (Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences) Pourreza, Abolghasem (Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences) |
1 | Bock JO, Matschinger H, Brenner H, Wild B, Haefeli WE, Quinzler R, et al. Inequalities in out-of-pocket payments for health care services among elderly Germans--results of a population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Equity Health 2014;13:3. DOI |
2 | Corrieri S, Heider D, Matschinger H, Lehnert T, Raum E, Konig HH. Income-, education- and gender-related inequalities in out-of-pocket health-care payments for 65+ patients - a systematic review. Int J Equity Health 2010;9:20. DOI |
3 | Cinaroglu S. Inequality and inequity in financing out-of-pocket health expenditures: an applied econometric approach. J Bus Res Turk 2018;10(1):876-897. DOI |
4 | Zandian H, Takian A, Rashidian A, Bayati M, Zahirian Moghadam T, Rezaei S, et al. Effects of Iranian economic reforms on equity in social and healthcare financing: a segmented regression analysis. J Prev Med Public Health 2018;51(2):83-91. DOI |
5 | Rezapour A, Mahmoudi M, Gorji HA, Faradonbeh SB, Asadi S, Zadeh NY, et al. A survey of Unmet health needs and the related barriers to access them. J Health Adm 2014;17(57):87-98 (Persian). |
6 | Akazili J, McIntyre D, Kanmiki EW, Gyapong J, Oduro A, Sankoh O, et al. Assessing the catastrophic effects of out-of-pocket healthcare payments prior to the uptake of a nationwide health insurance scheme in Ghana. Glob Health Action 2017;10(1):1289735. DOI |
7 | Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Almeida-Filho N. A glossary for health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56(9):647-652. DOI |
8 | Statistical Center of Iran. Household, Expenditure and Income Survey, 2022 [cited 2021 Jun 6]. Available from: https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Statistics-by-Topic/Household-Expenditure-and-Income#2220530-releases. |
9 | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Health data 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 5]. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/health/healthdata. |
10 | Ekholuenetale M, Barrow A. Inequalities in out-of-pocket health expenditure among women of reproductive age: after-effects of national health insurance scheme initiation in Ghana. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2021;96(1):6. DOI |
11 | O'Donnell O, van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Lindelow M. Analyzing health equity using household survey data: a guide to techniques and their implementation; 2008 [cited 2021 Oct 17]. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6896. |
12 | Chu A, Kwon S, Cowley P. Health financing reforms for moving towards universal health coverage in the Western Pacific Region. Health Syst Reform 2019;5(1):32-47. DOI |
13 | Abolhallaje M, Mousavi SM, Jafari M. Implementation of performance-based budgeting in the health system: luxury or necessity? Iran J Public Health 2014;43(11):1593-1594. |
14 | Murray CJ, Knaul F, Musgrove P, Xu K, Kawabata K. Defining and measuring fairness in financial contribution to the health system. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No. 24; 2000 [cited 2021 Dec 12]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/68706. |
15 | Doshmangir L, Rashidian A, Kouhi F, Gordeev VS. Setting health care services tariffs in Iran: half a century quest for a window of opportunity. Int J Equity Health 2020;19(1):112. DOI |
16 | Ghaedamini GH, Sharifian Sani M, Raghfar H, Salehi M. Inequality trend of selected items of consumption household basket in Tehran: 1989-2006. Soc Welf Q 2011;11(40):315-339 (Persian). |
17 | Kanmiki EW, Bawah AA, Phillips JF, Awoonor-Williams JK, Kachur SP, Asuming PO, et al. Out-of-pocket payment for primary healthcare in the era of national health insurance: evidence from northern Ghana. PLoS One 2019;14(8):e0221146. DOI |
18 | Kordbache H, Ahmadi Z. Evaluation the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on medical care price indexes in Iran. J Healthc Manag 2018;8(4):17-27 (Persian). |
19 | Gottret P, Schieber G. Health financing revisited: a practitioner's guide; 2006 [cited 2021 Oct 17]. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7094. |
20 | Pourasghari H, Jafari M, Bakhtiari M, Keliddar I, Irani A, Afshari M. Analysis of equality in Iranian household healthcare payments during Iran's fourth development program. Electron Physician 2016;8(7):2645-2649. DOI |
21 | Fakhri MA, Juni MH, Rosliza AM. Assesing progressivity of outof-pocket expenditures for health care: evidence from households in Malaysia. Int J Public Health Clin Sci 2019;6(3):187-202. |
22 | Mehrolhassani MH, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Lashkari M. Measuring inequalities in the selected indicators of National Health Accounts from 2008 to 2016: evidence from Iran. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2020;18:37. DOI |
23 | Hajimahmoudi H, Zahedi F. Justice in the healthcare system: payment and reimbursement policies in Iran. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2013;6(3):1-16 (Persian). |
24 | Bazyar M, Rashidian A, Alipouri Sakha M, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Doshmangir L. Combining health insurance funds in a fragmented context: what kind of challenges should be considered? BMC Health Serv Res 2020;20(1):26. DOI |
25 | Jalali FS, Jafari A, Bayati M, Bastani P, Ravangard R. Equity in healthcare financing: a case of Iran. Int J Equity Health 2019;18(1):92. DOI |
26 | Noferesti M, Jalouli M. Analyzing the impact of the removal of basic commodity subsidies on the main macroeconomic variables within a structural macro econometric framework. J Econ Model 2010;1(1):81-105 (Persian). |
27 | Rezaei S, Woldemichael A, Ebrahimi M, Ahmadi S. Trend and status of out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Iran: equity and catastrophic effect. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2020;95(1):29. DOI |
28 | Hajimahmoudi H, Zahedi F. Justice in the healthcare system: payment and reimbursement policies in Iran. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2014;6(3):1-16 (Persian). |
29 | Jafari M, Bastani P, Ibrahimipour H, Dehnavieh R. Attitude of health information system managers and officials of the hospitals regarding the role of information technology in reengineering the business procedures: a qualitative study. HealthMED 2012;6(1):208-215. |
30 | Tambor M, Pavlova M, Woch P, Groot W. Diversity and dynamics of patient cost-sharing for physicians' and hospital services in the 27 European Union countries. Eur J Public Health 2011;21(5):585-590. DOI |
31 | Raghfar H, Zargari N, Sangari MK. Measuring inequality in households' health care expenditures in Iran. Hakim Res J 2013;16(2):89-97 (Persian). |
32 | Jalali FS, Jafari A, Bayati M, Bastani P, Ravangard R. Equity in healthcare financing: a case of Iran. Int J Equity Health 2019;18(1):92. DOI |
33 | Jenkins SP. INEQDECO: Stata module to calculate inequality indices with decomposition by subgroup; 2001 [cited 2021 Feb 22]. Available from: https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s366007.html. |
34 | Haughton J, Khandker SR. Handbook on poverty and inequality; 2009 [cited 2021 Oct 12]. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11985. |
35 | Statistics South Africa. Inequality trends in South Africa: a multidimensional diagnostic of inequality; 2019 [cited 2021 Oct 12]. Available from: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Report-03-10-19/Report-03-10-192017.pdf. |
36 | Tregenna F, Tsela M. Inequality in South Africa: the distribution of income, expenditure and earnings. Dev South Afr 2012;29(1):35-61. DOI |
37 | Ghiasvand H, Naghdi S, Abolhassani N, Shaarbafchizadeh N, Moghri J. Iranian households' payments on food and health out-of-pocket expenditures: evidence of inequality. Iran J Public Health 2015;44(8):1103-1113. |