Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.2.131

Acute Testis Toxicity of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether in Sprague-Dawley Rats  

Yang, Yun-Jung (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
Lee, Shin-Young (Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
Kim, Kyung-Yong (Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
Hong, Yeon-Pyo (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
Publication Information
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health / v.43, no.2, 2010 , pp. 131-137 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a liquid compound obtained by condensation of two molecules of epichlorohydrin with one molecule of bisphenol A. General and reproductive toxicity with BADGE has been reported higher than 1000 mg/kg/day. This study was performed to show the effects of acute exposure to BADGE below 1000 mg/kg/day on the testis in adult male rats. Methods: BADGE was administered by gastric lavage in a single dose of 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day in 8-week old male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats. The right testis was processed for light microscopic analysis. The left testis was homogenized and spermatids were counted to determine the daily sperm production and daily abnormal sperm production. The sperm count, sperm motility, and incidence of abnormal sperm were estimated in the epididymis. In testicular sections, the seminiferous tubules were observed for qualitative changes. The progression of spermatogenesis was arbitrarily classified as full-matured, maturing, and immature. The specimen slide was observed at 3 points and 10 seminiferous tubules were evaluated at each point. Results: The male rats exposed to single oral dose of BADGE at 750, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day were significantly increased the number of immature and maturing sperm on the testis. There were no significant differences with respect to sperm head count, sperm motility, and sperm abnormality in the BADGE treatment groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that single oral exposure of BADGE 750 mg/kg/day can affect adult male testis development.
Keywords
Bisphenol a diglycidyl ether; Testis; Histology; Acute toxicity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 2
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kissinger C, Skinner MK, Griswold MD. Analysis of Sertoli cell-secreted proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Biol Reprod 1982; 27(1): 233-240.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Krishnan AV, Stathis P, Permuth SF, Tokes L, Feldman D. Bisphenol A: An estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology 1993; 132(6): 2279-2286.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Narayana K, D'Souza UJ, Seetharama Rao KP. Ribavirininduced sperm shape abnormalities in Wistar rat. Mutat Res 2002; 513(1-2): 193-196.   DOI
4 Russell LD, Ettlin RA, SinhaHikim AP, Clegg ED. Staging for laboratory species. In: Evaluation of the Testis. 1st ed. Clearwater: FL; Cache River Press; 1990. p. 62-194.
5 Takayama S, Akaike M, Kawashima K, Takahashi M, Kurokawa Y. A collaborative study in Japan on optimal treatment period and parameters for detection of male fertility disorders induced by drugs in rats. Int J Toxicol 1995; 14(4): 266-292.   DOI
6 Lanning LL, Creasy DM, Chapin RE, Mann PC, Barlow NJ, Regan KS, et al. Recommended approaches for the evaluation of testicular and epididymal toxicity. Toxicol Pathol 2002; 30(4): 507-520.   DOI
7 Suter L, Clemann N, Koch E, Bobadilla M, Bechter R. New and traditional approaches for the assessment of testicular toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 1998; 12(1): 39-47.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Hine CH, Kodama JK, Anderson HH, Simonson DW, Wellington JS. The toxicology of epoxy resins. AMA Arch Ind Health 1958; 17(2): 129-144.
9 Im JU, Yang YJ, Lee TJ, Hong YP. Acute toxicity of administered Bisphenol a diglycidyl ether in male Sprague Dawley rats. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2006; 18(4): 318-326. (Korean)
10 Lamb IV JC. Fundamentals of male reproductive toxicity testing. In: Lamb IV JC, Foster PMD, editors. Physiology and Toxicology of Male Reproduction. San Diego, CA; Academic Press; 1988. p. 137-154.
11 Perez P, Pulgar R, Olea-Serrano F, Villalobos M, Rivas A, Metzler M, et al. The estrogenicity of bisphenol a-related diphenylalkanes with various substituents at the central carbon and the hydroxy groups. Environ Health Perspect 1998; 106(3): 167-174.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Brotons JA, Olea-Serrano MF, Villalobos M, Pedraza V, Olea N. Xenoestrogens released from lacquer coatings in food cans. Environ Health Perspect 1995; 103(6): 608-612.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Olea N, Pulgar R, Perez P, Olea-Serrano F, Rivas A, Novillo Fertrell A, et al. Estrogenicity of resin-based composites and sealants used in dentistry. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104(2): 298-305.   DOI
14 Scientific Committee on Food (SCF). Commission of the European Community: 1999 [cited 2009 July 20]. Opinion on bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE). Available from: URL: http://eceuropa.eu./food/fs/sc/saf/out28_en.pdf.
15 Hammarling L, Gustavsson H, Svensson K, Oskarsson A. Migration of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its reaction products in canned foods. Food Addit Contam 2000; 17(1): 937-943.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Nakazawa H, Yamaguchi A, Inoue K, Yamazaki T, Kato K, Yoshimura Y, et al. In vitro assay of hydrolysis and chlorohydroxy derivatives of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether for estrogenic activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40(12): 1827-1832.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Scientific Committee on Food (SCF). Commission of the European Community. 2003. [cited 2009 July 20]. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) on "Two Study Reports on Endocrine Disrupters by WRc-NSF and BKH Consulting Engineers". European Commission. 2003. Available from: URL: http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/sct/out208_en.pdf.
18 Pulgar R, Olea-Serrano MF, Novillo-Fertrell A, Rivas A, Pazos P, Pedraza V, et al. Determination of bisphenol A and related aromatic compounds released from bis-GMA-based composites and sealants by high performance liquid chromatography. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108(1): 21-27.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Reevaluation of some organic chemicals, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide, IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1999; 71(Pt 3): 1285-1289.
20 Choi JC, Kyung SH, Lee GT, Lee KH. Simultaneous analysis method of BPA, BPF, BADGE, BFDGE and their degradation products in canned foods and food stimulants by HPLC. Kor J Food Sci Tech 2002; 34(2): 174-179. (Korean)   과학기술학회마을
21 Ritzen EM. Hansson V and French FS. The Sertoli Cell. Burger H, de Kretser DM, editors. New York: Raven Press; 1981. p. 171-194.
22 Poole A, van Herwijene P, Weideli H, Thomas MC, Ransbotyn G, Vance C. Review of the toxicology, Human exposure and safety assessment for bisphenol A diglycidyl ether(BADGE). Food Addit Contam 2004; 21: 905-919.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 McLachlan RI, O'Donnell L, Meachem SJ, Stanton PG, de Kretser DM, Pratis K, et al. Identification of specific sites of hormonal regulation in spermatogenesis in rats, monkeys, and man. Recent Prog Horm Res 2002; 57: 149-179.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Kwon SK, Yang YJ, Chun YJ, Hong YP. Expression of clusterin on rat epididymis exposed to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether during in utero and lactation. Toxicol Environ Chem 2010; 92(2): 315-325.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Han JH, Choi CS, Kim MY, Chun YJ. Differential gene expression by styrene in rat reproductive tissue. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007; 70(15-16): 1259-1263.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Hanaoka T, Kawamura N, Hara K, Tsugane S. Urinary bisphenol A and plasma hormone concentrations in male workers exposed to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and mixed organic solvents. Occup Environ Med 2002; 59(9): 625-628.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Climie IJ, Hutson DH, Stoydin G. Metabolism of epoxy rein component 2,2-bis(4-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenyl) propane, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) in the mouse. Part II, Identification of metabolites in urine and faeces following a single oral dose of 14C-DGEBPA. Xenobiotica 1981; 11(6): 401-424.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Blaschuk O, Burdzy K, Fritz IB. Purification and characterization of a cell-aggregating factor (clusterin), the major glycoprotein in ram rete testis fluid. J Biol Chem 1983; 258(12): 7714-7720.
29 Breslin WJ, Kirk HD, Johnson KA. Teratogenic evaluation of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) in New Zealand white rabbits following dermal exposure. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1988; 10(4): 736-743.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Smith JA, Masters RE, Dawe IS. A Study of the Effect of TK 10490 on Pregnancy of the Rat. Unpublished Report of Ciba-Geigy Ltd. Huntington Research Centre Report CB442/87641. 1988.
31 Ahn SW, Nedumaran B, Xie Y, Kim DK, Kim YD, Choi HS. Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H2O) induces orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 gene expression and increases steroidogenesis in mouse testicular Leydig cells. Mol Cells 2008; 26(1): 74-80.
32 Kostoryz EL, Eick JD, Glaros AG, Judy BM, Welshons WV, Burmaster S, et al. Biocompatibility of hydroxylated metabolites of BISGMA and BFDGE. J Dent Res 2003; 82(5): 367-371.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Cassidy SL, Dix K, Jenkins T. Evaluation of a testicular sperm head counting technique using rats exposed to dimethoxy-ethyl phthalate (DMEP), glycerol amonochlorohydrin (GMCH), epichlorohydrin (ECH), formaldehyde (FA), or methyl metanesulphonate (MMS). Arch Toxicol 1983; 53(1): 71-78.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Tramer F, Rocco F, Micali F, Samdri G, Panfili E. Antioxidant systems in rat epididymal spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 1998; 59(4): 753-758.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Smith JA, Masters RE, Dawe IS. A Study of the Effect of TK 10490 on the Reproductive Function of One Generation in the Rat. Unpublished Report of Ciba-Geigy Ltd. Huntington Research Centre Report CB451/881081. 1989.
36 Hanley TR, Hagler AR, Sullivan VD, Stebbins KE. DGEBPA: Two Generation Oral Gavage Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Unpublished Report of the DOW Chemical Company. 1996.
37 Stebbins KE, Dryzga MD. Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE): Subchronic Oral Gavage Toxicity Study In Fischer 344 Rats. Toxicology & Environmental Research and Consulting. Midland, Michigan; The Dow Chemical Company, 2001.
38 Hyoung UJ, Yang YJ, Kwon SK, Yoo JH, Myoung SC, Kim SC, et al. Developmental toxicity by exposure to bisphenol a diglycidyl ether during gestation and lactation period in Sprague-dawley male rat. J Prev Med Public Health 2007; 40(2): 155-161.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Wyrobek AJ, Gordon LA, Burkhart JG, Francis MW, Kapp RW Jr, Letz G, et al. An evaluation of mouse sperm morphology test and other sperm tests in non human mammals. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res 1983; 115(1): 1- 72.   DOI   ScienceOn