Browse > Article

Effects of Bisphenol A on the Placental Function and Reproduction in Rats  

Lee, Chae-Kwan (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Kim, Seog-Hyun (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Moon, Deog-Hwan (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Kim, Jeong-Ho (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Son, Byung-Chul (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Kim, Dae-Hwan (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Lee, Chang-Hee (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Kim, Hwi-Dong (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Kim, Jung-Won (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Kim, Jong-Eun (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Lee, Chae-Un (Institute of Industrial Medicine & Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
Publication Information
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health / v.38, no.3, 2005 , pp. 330-336 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogen-like environmental endocrine disrupter, on the placental function and reproduction in rats. The mRNA levels of the placental prolactin-growth hormone(PRL-GH) gene family, placental trophoblast cell frequency and reproductive data were analyzed. Methods : The pregnancies of F344 Fisher rats ($160g{\pm}20g$) were detected by the presence of the copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear, which marked Day 0 of pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with a sesame oil vehicle. The two remaining groups were injected with 50 or 500 mg/kg B.W/day of BPA, resuspended in sesame oil, on either days 7 to 11 or 16 to 20 of pregnancy, with the rats sacrificed on either day 11 or 20, respectively. The mRNA levels of PRL-GH and Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The hormone concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and the frequency of the placental trophoblast cells observed by a histochemical study. Reproductive data, such as the placental weight and litter size, were surveyed on day 20. The fetal weight was surveyed for 4 weeks after birth. A statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1). Results : The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH gene family, such as placental lactogen I, Iv and II, prolactin like protein A, C and Cv, and decidual prolactin-related protein were significantly reduced due to BPA exposure. The mRNA levels of the Pit-1a and b isotype genes, which induce the expression of the PRL-GH gene family in the rat placenta, were also reduced due to BPA exposure. The PL-Iv and PL-II concentrations were reduced in the BPA exposed group. During the middle to last stage of pregnancy (Days 11-20), a high dose of BPA exposure reduced the frequency of spongiotrophoblast cells, which are responsible for the secretion of the PRL-GH hormones. Reproductive data, such as the placental and fetal weights and the litter size, were reduced, but that of the pregnancy period was extended in the BPA exposed compared to the control group. Conclusions : BPA disrupts the placental functions in rats, which leads to reproductive disorders.
Keywords
Bisphenol A; Placenta; PRL-GH family gene; Pit-1 gene; Reproduction;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Iwatsuki K, Shinozaki M, Hattori N, Hirasawa K, Itagaki S, Shiota K, Ogawa T. Molecular cloning and characterization of a new member of the rat placental prolactin (PRL) family, PRL-like protein D (PLP-D). Endocrinology 1996; 137: 3849-3855   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Forsyth I. Prolactin, growth hormones, and placental lactogens: an historical perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 1997; 2: 3-6   PUBMED
3 Ingraham HA, Chen RP, Mangalam HJ, Elsholtz HP, Flynn SE, Lin CR, Simmons DM, Swanson L, Rosenfeld MG. A tissuespecific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype. Cell 1988; 55: 519-529   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Haugen BR, Wood WM, Gordon DF, Ridgway EC. A thyrotrope-specific variant of Pit-1 transactivates the thyrotropin beta promoter. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 20818-20824
5 Bamberger AM, Bamberger CM, Pu LP, Puy LA, Loh YP, Asa SL. Expression of pit-1 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in the human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2021-2026   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Lee CK, Kang HS, Lee BJ, Kang HM, Choi WS, Kang SG. Effects of dopamine and estrogen on the regulation of Pit-1 alpha, Pit-1 beta, and PL-II gene expression in the rat placenta. Mol Cells 1998; 8: 205-211   PUBMED
7 Lee CK, Lee CU, Kim JH, Son BC, Kim DH, Lee CH, Kim HD, Kim JW, Toon YD, Kang SG, Moon DW. Effects of aroclor 1254 on the expression of rat placental PRL-family genes. Mol Cells 2003; 15: 114-121   PUBMED
8 Chomczynki P, Sacchi M. Single-step method of RNA isolation by guanidium thiocyanatephenol- chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 1987; 162: 156-159   PUBMED
9 Forsyth IA. Comparative aspects of placental lactogens: structure and function. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1994; 102: 244-251   DOI
10 Cohick CB, Dai G, Xu L, Deb S, Kamei T, Levan G, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Kwok SC, Soares MJ. Placental lactogen-I variant utilizes the prolactin receptor signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 116: 49-58   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Rasmussen CA, Orwig KE, Vellucci S, Soares MJ. Dual expression of prolactin-related protein in decidua and trophoblast tissues during pregnancy in rats. Biol Reprod 1997; 56: 647-654   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Prasamthi K, Muralidhara, Rajini PS. Fenvalerate-induced oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43: 299-306   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Berger P, Untergasser G, Hermann M, Hittmair A, Madersbacher S, Dirnhofer S. The testisspecific expression pattern of the growth hormone/placental lactogen (GH/PL) gene cluster changes with malignancy. Hum Pathol 1999; 30: 1201-1206   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
14 Haishima Y, Hayashi Y, Yagami T, Nakamura A. Elution of bisphenol-A from hemodialyzers consisting of polycarbonate and polysulfone resins. J Biomed Mater Res 2001; 58: 209-215   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Deb S, Roby KF, Faria TN, Szpirer C, Levan G, Kwok SCM, Soares MJ. Molecular cloning and characterization of prolactin-like protein C complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 23027-23032   PUBMED
16 Croze F, Kennedy TG, Schroedter IC, Friesen HG. Expression of rat prolactin-like protein B in deciduoma of pseudopregnant rat and in decidua during early pregnancy. Endocrinology 1990; 127: 2665-2672   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Funabashi T, Sano A, Mitsushima D, Kimura F. Bisphenol A increases progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus in a dose-dependent manner and affects sexual behaviour in adult ovariectomized rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2003; 15: 134-140   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Choe BS, Lee CK, Moon DH, Son BC, Kim DH, Lee CH, Kim HD, Kim JW, Kim JE, Lee CU. Effects of toluene on the expression of placental PRL-GH family genes and reproduction in the rat. Korean J Occup Environ Med 2004; 16:262-275 (Korean)
19 Robertson MC, Cosby H, Fresnoza A, Cattini PA, Shiu RP, Friesen HG. Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant rat placental lactogen-I: a comparison with the native hormone. Endocrinology 1994; 134: 393- 400   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Galosy SS, Talamantes F. Luteotropic actions of placental lactogens at midpregnancy in the mouse. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 3993-4003   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Hiroi H, Tsutsumi O, Momoeda M. Differential interactions of bisphenol A and 17 beta-estradiol with estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and ER beta. Endocr J 1999; 46: 773-778   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Lee CK, Kang HS, Lee BJ, Kang HM, Choi WS, Kang SG. Effects of dopamine and melatonin on the regulation of the PIT-1 isotype, placental growth hormone and lactogen gene expressions in the rat placenta. Mol Cells 1999; 9: 646-651   PUBMED
23 Roby KF, Deb S, Gibori G, Szpirer C, Levan G, Kwok SCM, Soares MJ. Decidual prolactin-related protein. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 3316-3322
24 Li S, Crenshaw EB 3rd, Rawson EJ, Simmons DM, Swanson LW, Rosenfeld MG. Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1. Nature 1990; 347: 528-533   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Cronier L, Guibourdenche J, Niger C, Malassine A. Oestradiol stimulates morphologi cal and functional differentiation of human villous cytotrophoblast. Placenta 1999; 20: 669-676   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Dai G, Liu B, Szpirer C, Levan G, Kwok SC, Soares MJ. Prolactin-like protein-C variant: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, unique six exon gene structure, and trophoblast cellspecific expression. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 5009-5019   DOI   ScienceOn
27 식품의약품안전청. 내분비계 장애물질 평가사업 결과 보고서. 1999; 58-91
28 Muller H, Liu B, Croy BA, Head JR, Hunt JS, Dai G, Soares MJ. Uterine natural killer cells are targets for a trophoblast cell-specific cytokine, prolactin-like protein A. Endocrinology 1999; 140: 2711-2720   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Kwon S, Stedman DB, Elswick BA, Cattley RC, Welsch F. Pubertal development and reproductive functions of Crl:CD BR spraguedawley rats exposed to bisphenol A during prenatal and postnatal development. Toxicol Sci 2000; 55: 399-406   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Howdeshell KL, Hotchkiss AK, Thayer KA, Vanderbergh JG, Von Saal FS. Exposure to bisphenol A advances puberty. Nature 1999; 401: 763-764   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Day IN, Chen XH, Gaunt TR, King TH, Voropanov A, Ye S, Rodriguez S, Syddall HE, Sayer AA, Dennison EM, Tabassum F, Barker DJ, Cooper C, Phillips DI. Late life metabolic syndrome, early growth, and common polymorphism in the growth hormone and placental lactogen gene cluster. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 5569-5576   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Lee BJ, Jeong JK, Kim JH, Kang SG, Kim MO, Choi WS. Local expression of a POU family transcription factor, Pit-1, in the rat placenta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 118: 9-14   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
33 Duckworth ML, Peden LM, Friesen HG. Isolation of a novel prolactin-like cDNA clone from developing rat placenta. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 10879-10884   PUBMED
34 Sone H. Endocrine disrupter and reproductive disorders in women. Nippon Rinsho 2000; 58: 2521-2516
35 Duckworth ML, Kirk KL, Friesen HG. Isolation and identification of a cDNA clone of rat placental lactogen II. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 10871-10878   PUBMED
36 Lee H, Chun JH, Moon DH, Lee CU, Kang SG, Son BC, Kim DH, Lee CH, Kim JW, Lee CK. Effects of chromium (VI) exposure on the placental function and reproduction in rat. Korean J Prev Med 2004; 37: 99-103 (Korean)
37 Telleria CM, Zhong L, Deb S, Srivastava RK, Park KS, Sugino N, Park-Sarge OK, Gibori G. Differential expression of the estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the rat corpus luteum of pregnancy: regulation by prolactin and placental lactogens. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 2432-2442   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
38 Deb S, Faria TN, Roby KF, Larsen D, Kwok SC, Talamantes F, Soares MJ. Identification and characterization of a new member of the prolactin family, placental lactogen-I variant. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 1605-1610   PUBMED
39 Bodner M, Karin M. A pituitary-specific transacting factor can stimulate transcription from the growth hormone promoter in extracts of nonexpressing cells. Cell 1987; 50: 267-275   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Conliffe PR, Simmen RC, Buhi WC, Shiverick KT. Cloning of a novel rat placental prolactinlike protein C-related cDNA. Mol Reprod Dev 1995; 41: 167-176   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Tyl RW, Myers CB, Marr MC, Thomas BF, Keimowitz AR, Brine DR, Veselica MM, Fail PA, Chang TY, Seely JC, Joiner RL, Butala JH, Dimond SS, Cagen SZ, Shiotsuka RN, Stropp GD, Waechter JM. Three-generation reproductive toxicity study of dietary bisphenol A in CD sprague-dawley rats. Toxicol Sci 2002; 68: 121-146   DOI   ScienceOn