Successful Implantation of an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Through a Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava |
Kim, Areum
(Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine)
Kim, Dae-Hyeok (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine) Kwan, Jun (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine) Park, Keum-Soo (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine) Lee, Woo-Hyung (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine) |
1 | Edwards JE, DuShane JW. Thoracic venous anomalies. Arch Pathol 49:517-537. |
2 | Albert M, Geissler W. Persistent left superior vena cava and mitral stenosis. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1956;11:865-874. |
3 | Nsah EN, Moore GW, Hutchins GM. Pathogenesis of persistent left superior vena cava with a coronary sinus connection. Pediatr Pathol 1991;11:261-269. DOI |
4 | Meadows WR, Sharp JT. Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium without arterial oxygen unsaturation. Am J Cardiol 1956;16:273-279. |
5 | James TN, Marshall TK, Edwards JE. De subitaneis mortibus: XX. cardiac electrical instability in the presence of a left superior vena cava. Circulation 1976;54:689-697. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Connolly SJ, Hallstrom AP, Cappato R, et al. Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials: AVID, CASH and CIDS studies: Antiarrhythmics vs Implantable Defibrillator Study: Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg: Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. Eur Heart J 2000;21:2071-2078. DOI ScienceOn |
7 | Campbell M, Deuchar DC. The left-sided superior vena cava. Br Heart J 1954;16:423-439. DOI ScienceOn |
8 | James TN. Cardiac conduction system: fetal and postnatal development. Am J Cardiol 1970;25:213-226. DOI ScienceOn |
9 | James TN, Marshall TK. XVIII. persistent fetal dispersion of the atrioventricular node and His bundle within the central fibrous body. Circulation 1976;53:1026-1034. DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Anderson RH, Latham RA. The cellular architecture of the human atrioventricular node, with a note on its morphology in the presence of a left superior vena cava. J Anat 1971;109(Pt 3):443-455. |
11 | Zellers TM, Hagler DJ, Julsrud PR. Accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing left superior vena cava. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989;2:132-138. DOI |
12 | Biffi M, Boriani G, Frabetti L, Bronzetti G, Branzi A. Left superior vena cava persistence in patients undergoing pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a 10-year experience. Chest 2001;120:139-144. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Ratliff HL, Yousufuddin M, Lieving WR, et al. Persistent left superior vena cava: case reports and clinical implications. Int J Cardiol 2006;113:242-246. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Markewitz A, Mattke S. Right ventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead implantation through a persistent left superior vena cava. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19:1395-1397. DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Friedman PA, Rasmussen MJ, Grice S, Trusty J, Glikson M, Stanton MS. Defibrillation thresholds are increased by right-sided implantation of totally transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1999;22:1186-1192. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Kim HK, Kim MH, Cha KS, et al. Persistent left superior vena cava combined with sick sinus syndrome. Korean Circ J 1998;28:1202-1206. DOI |
17 | Mattke S, Markewitz A, Dorwarth U, Hoffmann E, Steinbeck G. Defibrillator implantation in a patient with a persistent left superior vena cava. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1995;18(1 Pt 1):117-120. DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Palma EC, Eugenio PL. Implantation of a biventricular ICD system in a patient with a persistent left superior vena cava. Clin Cardiol 2007;30:204. DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Gasparini M, Mantica M, Galimberti P, et al. Biventricular pacing via a persistent left superior vena cava: report of four cases. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003;26(1 Pt 2):192-196. DOI ScienceOn |
20 | Bae JW, Oh S, Kang HJ, Kim KI, Park YB, Choi YS. A case of successful implantation of a DDD type permanent pacemaker in a patient with persistent left superior and absent right superior vena cava. Korean Circ J 2004;34:623-626. DOI |
21 | Park KR, Bae JH. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in two patients with persistent left superior vena cava. Korean Circ J 2002;32:355-358. DOI |
22 | Youn HJ, Choi KB, Kim HY, et al. Persistent left superior vena cava diagnosed by contrast transthoracic echocardiography in patient with chronic atrial fibrillation. J Korean Soc Echocardiogr 1999;7:100-103. |
23 | Gold MR, Khalighi K, Kavesh NG, Daly B, Peters RW, Shorofsky SR. Clinical predictors of transvenous biphasic defibrillation thresholds. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:1623-1627. DOI ScienceOn |
24 | Nielsen TD, Hamdan MH, Kowal RC, Barbera SJ, Page RL, Joglar JA. Effect of acute amiodarone loading on energy requirements for biphasic ventricular defibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:446-448. DOI ScienceOn |