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The Use of $HbA_{1c}$ for Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Korea  

Lee, Young-Sil (Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine)
Moon, Seong-Su (Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Medicine / v.80, no.3, 2011 , pp. 291-297 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background/Aims: An $HbA_{1c}$ test result ${\geq}$ 6.5% has recently been recommended as the defining criterion for diabetes by the American Diabetes Association. We compared the detection of diabetes using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-based and $HbA_{1c}$-based diagnostic criteria. Additionally, we identified the optimal $HbA_{1c}$ threshold for diabetes in Korea. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional retrospective design using data from 405 subjects without known diabetes who underwent OGTT and $HbA_{1c}$ tests for the diagnosis of diabetes between January, 2005, and June, 2010, at Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Korea. The OGTT is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing diabetes. Based on a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, optimal sensitivity and specificity were derived for identifying the $HbA_{1c}$ threshold. Results: For diabetes, $HbA_{1c}$ at 6.5% gave a sensitivity of 52.9%, specificity of 95.1%, positive predictive value of 92.9%, and a negative predictive value of 62.7%. A total of 47.1% of subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes had $HbA_{1c}$ levels <6.5%. Results were similar in sex- and age-stratified analyses. To identify diabetes based on OGTT, the $HbA_{1c}$ threshold of 6.1% had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.849 with 77.8% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity. Conclusions: In a Korean population, diabetes prevalence was lower using the $HbA_{1c}$-based diagnostic criteria. An $HbA_{1c}$ threshold of 6.1% optimally identified diabetes by OGTT-based diagnostic criteria in Korea. Further large-scale, population-based studies are needed to evaluate the $HbA_{1c}$ threshold for diagnosing diabetes in Korea.
Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnostic test; $HbA_{1c}$;
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