Browse > Article

Recent advances in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases  

Nam, Eun-Mi (Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Medicine / v.79, no.2, 2010 , pp. 125-132 More about this Journal
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is $2^{nd}$ to $3^{rd}$ common cancer and the annual incidence of CRC is increasing in Korea. The liver is the most frequent metastatic site of colorectal cancer and approximately one forth of patients presents with liver metastasis at initial diagnosis. Without treatment, patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) have a poor prognosis; however, long-term survival benefits and even cure have been reported in a portion of patients undergoing surgical resection of liver metastasis. In addition, advances in chemotherapeutic agents, imaging, and surgical techniques can increase the number of patients who are eligible for curative resection. In the past 10 years, combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) and oxaliplatin or irinotecan was becoming the standard chemotherapy of treatment for metastatic CRC including CRLM. Furthermore, the combined use of targeted agents, such as cetuximab and bevacizumab, plus standard chemotherapeutics revealed more improvements in response rates and survival. Even in patients with resectable CRLM, perioperative chemotherapy with surgical resection could improve in progression free survival. However, the curable portion of patients with CRLM was still less than 20~30%, more detail management based on multidisciplinary team approaches should be needed.
Keywords
Colorectal cancer; Liver metastases; Neoadjuvant; Liver resection; Targeted agents;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Karoui M, Penna C, Amin-Hashem M, Mitry E, Benoist S, Franc B, Rougier P, Nordlinger B. Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 243:1-7, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Nordlinger B, Van Cutsem E, Gruenberger T, Glimelius B, Poston G, Rougier P, Sobrero A, Ychou M. European Colorectal Metastases Treatment Group; Sixth International Colorectal Liver Metastases Workshop. Combination of surgery and chemotherapy and the role of targeted agents in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases: recommendations from an expert panel. Ann Oncol 20:985-992, 2009   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Falcone A, Ricci S, Brunetti I, Pfanner E, Allegrini G, Barbara C, Crinò L, Benedetti G, Evangelista W, Fanchini L, Cortesi E, Picone V, Vitello S, Chiara S, Granetto C, Porcile G, Fioretto L, Orlandini C, Andreuccetti M, Masi G. Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: The Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. J Clin Oncol 25:1670-1676, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Mitry E, Fields AL, Bleiberg H, Labianca R, Portier G, Tu D, Nitti D, Torri V, Elias D, O'Callaghan C, Langer B, Martignoni G, Bouche O, Lazorthes F, Van Cutsem E, Bedenne L, Moore MJ, Rougier P. Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 26:4906-4911, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F, Farabos C, Waechter F, Castaing D, Majno P, Engerran L. Resection of nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg 224:509-520, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Gruenberger B, Tamandl D, Schueller J, Scheithauer W, Zielinski C, Herbst F, Gruenberger T. Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:1830-1835, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kornprat P, Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH, D'Angelica M. Outcome after hepatectomy for multiple (four or more) colorectal metastases in the era of effective chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 14:1151-1160, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Ychou M, Hohenberger W, Thezenas S, Navarro M, Maurel J, Bokemeyer C, Shacham-Shmueli E, Rivera F, Kwok-Keung Choi C, Santoro A. A randomized phase III study comparing adjuvont 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid with FOLFIRI in patients following complete resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol. 20:1964-1970, 2009   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM, Ribero D, Wu TT, Zorzi D, Hoff PM, Xiong HQ, Eng C, Lauwers GY, Mino-Kenudson M, Risio M, Muratore A, Capussotti L, Curley SA, Abdalla EK. Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol 24:2065-2072, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Aloia T, Sebagh M, Plasse M, Karam V, Levi F, Giacchetti S, Azoulay D, Bismuth H, Castaing D, Adam R. Liver histology and surgical outcomes after preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 24:4983-4990, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Nordlinger B, Guiguet M, Vaillant JC, Balladur P, Boudjema K, Bachellier P, Jaeck D. Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. A prognostic scoring system to improve case selection, based on 1568 patients. Association Francaise de Chirurgie. Cancer 77:1254-1262, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Gruenberger B, Scheithauer W, Punzengruber R, Zielinski C, Tamandl D, Gruenberger T. Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in potentially curable colorectal cancer liver metastases. BMC Cancer 8:120, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN. Colorectal metastases: resect or ablate? Ann Surg Oncol 13:602-603, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, Navarro M, Tabernero J, Hickish T, Topham C, Zaninelli M, Clingan P, Bridgewater J, Tabah-Fisch I, de Gramont A; Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer (MOSAIC) Investigators. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2343-2351, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Andre T, Tournigand C, Achille E, Tubiana-Mathieu N, Lledo G, Raoul Y, Carola E, Flesch M, Muron T, Boutan-Laroze A, Guerin Meyer V, Boaziz C, Maigre M, Ganem G, Mousseau M, Mounedji- Boudiaf L, de Gramont A. [Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer MOSAIC study's main results]. Bull Cancer 93 Suppl 1:S5-S9, 2006
16 Bokemeyer C, Staroslawska E, Makhson A, Bondarenko I, Hartmann JT, Shelygin Y, Koesnik O, Volovat C, Zubel A, Koralewski P. Cetuximab plus 5-FU/FA/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): a large-scale phase II study, OPUS. Eur J Cancer Suppl 5:4 [Abstract 3004], 2007
17 Portier G, Elias D, Bouche O, Rougier P, Bosset JF, Saric J, Belghiti J, Piedbois P, Guimbaud R, Nordlinger B, Bugat R, Lazorthes F, Bedenne L. Multicenter randomized trial of adjuvant fluorouracil and folinic acid compared with surgery alone after resection of colorectal liver metastases: FFCD ACHBTH AURC 9002 trial. J Clin Oncol 24:4976-4982, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Mitry E, Fields AL, Bleiberg H, Labianca R, Portier G, Tu D, Nitti D, Torri V, Elias D, O'Callaghan C, Langer B, Martignoni G, Bouche O, Lazorthes F, Van Cutsem E, Bedenne L, Moore MJ, Fcugier P. Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 26:4906-4911, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Parks R, Gonen M, Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, D'Angelica M, DeMatteo R, Garden OJ, Blumgart LH, Fong Y. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases: analysis of data from two continents. J Am Coll Surg 204:753-761. discussion 761-763, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Van Cutsem E, Bodoky G, Kyung Roh J, Folprecht G, Park YS, Van Laethem JL, Raoul J, Ciardiello F, Lebrun P, Rougier P. CRYSTAL, a randomized phase III trial of cetuximab plus FOLFIRI vs. FOLFIRI in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Eur J Cancer Suppl 5:4 [Abstract 3001], 2007
21 Van Cutsem E, Lang I, D'haens G, Moiseyenko V, Zaluski J, Folprecht G, Tejpar S, Kisker O, Stroh C, Rougier P. KRAS status and efficacy in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with FOLFIRI with or without cetuximab: the CRYSTAL experience. J Clin Oncol 26:(Abstr 2), 2008
22 Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I, Hartmann JT, De Braud FG, Volovat C, Nippgen J, Stroh C, Celik I, Koralewski P. KRAS status and efficacy of first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with FOLFOX with or without cetuximab: the OPUS experience. J Clin Oncol 26:(Abstr 4000), 2008
23 Alberts SR, Horvath WL, Sternfeld WC, Goldberg RM, Mahoney MR, Dakhil SR, Levitt R, Rowland K, Nair S, Sargent DJ, Donohue JH. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study. J Clin Oncol 23:9243-9249, 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Folprecht G, Gruenberger T, Hartmann JT, Lordick F, Stoehlmacher F, Bechstein W, Ockert D, Herrmann T, Liersch T, Koehne C. Randomized multicenter study of cetuximab plus FOLFOX or cetuximab plus FOLFIRI in neoadjuvant treatment of non-resectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Ann Oncol 19:viii168. (Abstr 510PD), 2008
25 Cassidy J, Cunningham D, Berry SR, Rivera F, Clarke SJ, Kretzschmar A, Diaz-Rubio E, Van Cutsem E, Saltz LB. Surgery with curative intent in patients (pts) treated with first-line chemotherapy (CT)+bevacizumab (BEV) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): First BEAT and NO16966. J Clin Oncol 26:(Abstr 4022), 2008
26 Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, Poston GJ, Schlag PM, Rougier P, Bechstein WO, Primrose JN, Walpole ET, Finch-Jones M, Jaeck D, Mirza D, Parks RW, Collette L, Praet M, Bethe U, Van Cutsem E, Scheithauer W, Gruenberger T. EORTC Gastro- Intestinal Tract Cancer Group; Cancer Research UK; Arbeitsgruppe Lebermetastasen und-tumoren in der Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Onkologie (ALM-CAO); Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG); Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive (FFCD). Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 371:1007-1016, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Pozzo C, Basso M, Cassano A, Quirino M, Schinzari G, Trigila N, Vellone M, Giuliante F, Nuzzo G, Barone Cl. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable liver disease with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 15:933-939, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Folprecht G, Lutz MP, Schoffski P, Seufferlein T, Nolting A, Pollert P, Kohne CH. Cetuximab and irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/ folinic acid is a safe combination for the first-line treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Ann Oncol 17:450-456, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Souglakos J, Androulakis N, Syrigos K, Polyzos A, Ziras N, Athanasiadis A, Kakolyris S, Tsousis S, Kouroussis Ch, Vamvakas L, Kalykaki A, Samonis G, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V. FOLFOXIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) vs. FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan) as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal can cer (MCC): A multicentre randomised phase III trial from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Br J Cancer 94:798-805, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Cervantes A, Casado E, Van Cutsem E, Sastre J, Andre T, Humblet Y, Van Laethem J, Zubel A, Gascon N, de Gramont A. Cetuximab plus oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) (FOLFOX-4) for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the first-line setting: a phase II study. Eur J Cancer Suppl 3:S181 [Abstract 642], 2005
31 Kopetz S, Abbruzzese JL, Eng C, Adinin RB, Morris J, Wolff RA, Lin E, Chang DZ, Hoff P, Bogaard, K. Preliminary results from a phase II study of infusional 5-FU, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 24:Abstr 3579, 2006
32 Adam R, Avisar E, Ariche A, Giachetti S, Azoulay D, Castaing D, Kunstlinger F, Levi F, Bismuth F. Five-year survival following hepatic resection after neoadjuvant therapy for nonresectable colorectal. Ann Surg Oncol 8:347-353, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
33 de Liguori Carino N, van Leeuwen BL, Ghaneh P, Wu A, Audisio RA, Poston GJ. Liver resection for colorectal liver metastases in older patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 67:273-278, 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Simmonds PC. Palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 321:531-535, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Baize N, Gerard B, Bleiberg H, Caroli-Bosc F, Berthier F, Legendre H, Pector JC, Hendlisz A. Long-term survival of patients downstaged by oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil combination followed by rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 30:1349-1353, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Folprecht G, Grothey A, Alberts S, Raab HR, Kohne CH. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates. Ann Oncol 16:1311-1319, 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Giacchetti S, Itzhaki M, Gruia G, Adam R, Zidani R, Kunstlinger F, Brienza S, Alafaci E, Bertheault-Cvitkovic F, Jasmin C, Reynes M, Bismuth H, Misset JL, Lévi F. Long-term survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery. Ann Oncol 10:663-669, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, Valeanu A, Castaing D, Azoulay D, Giacchetti S, Paule B, Kunstlinger F, Ghemard O, Levi F, Bismuth H. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: A model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg 240:644-657, 2004
39 Nordlinger B, Van Cutsem E, Rougier P, Kohne CH, Ychou M, Sobrero A, Adam R, Arvidsson D, Carrato A, Georgoulias V, Giuliante F, Glimelius B, Golling M, Gruenberger T, Tabernero J, Wasan H, Poston G. Does chemotherapy prior to liver resection increase the potential for cure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? A report from the European Colorectal Metastases Treatment Group. Eur J Cancer 43:2037-2045, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Korean Central Cancer Registry. Annual Report of Cancer Registry in 2006, 2007, 2010
41 Van Cutsem E, Nordlinger B, Adam R, Kohne CH, Pozzo C, Poston G, Ychou M, Rougier P. Towards a pan-European consensus on the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Cancer 42:2212-2221, 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Figueras J, Torras J, Valls C, Llado L, Ramos E, Marti-Rague J, Serrano T, Fabregat J. Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases in patients with expanded indications: a single-center experience with 501 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 50:478-488, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Adam R, Aloia T, Levi F, Wicherts DA, de Haas RJ, Paule B, Bralet MP, Bouchahda M, Machover D, Ducreux M, Castagne V, Azoulay D, Castaing D. Hepatic resection after rescue cetuximab treatment for colorectal liver metastases previously refractory to conventional systemic therapy. J Clin Oncol 25:4593-4602, 2007   DOI   ScienceOn