Browse > Article

Geographical Analysis on Network Reliability of Public Transportation Systems:A Case Study of Subway Network System in Seoul  

Kim, Hyun (Department of Geography, University of South Florida)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Geographical Society / v.44, no.2, 2009 , pp. 187-205 More about this Journal
Abstract
Failures on network components of a public transportation system can give rise to the severe degradation of entire system functionality. This paper aims at exploring how potential failures can affect the system flows and reliability of subway network systems in Metropolitan Seoul. To evaluate the range of impacts of disruptions, this research employs a probabilistic approach, network reliability. Network reliability measures the network resiliency and probability of flow loss under a variety of simulated disruptions of critical network components, transfer stations in subway system. By identifying the best and worst scenarios associated with geographical impact, as well as evaluating the criticality of transfer stations, this research presents some insights for protecting current subways systems.
Keywords
critical network infrastructure; subway network system; hub; network reliability; simulation based approach;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Albert, R., Jeong, H., and Barabási, A. L., 2000, Error and attack tolerance of complex networks, Nature, 406, 378-382   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Kim, H. and O'Kelly, M. E., 2004, Survivability of commercial backbones with peering, in 51st Annual North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International, Seattle, WA, 11-13 November
3 Moteff, J. and Parfomak, P., 2004, Critical infrastructure and key assets: definition and identification, CRS Report for Congress, The Library of Congress
4 Murray, A. T., Matisziw, T. C., and Grubesic, T. H., 2007, Critical network infrastructure analysis: interdiction and system flow, Journal of Geographical Systems, 9(2), 103-117   DOI   ScienceOn
5 National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC), 2003, Internet Peering Security/Vulnerabilities Task Force Report, The president’s national security telecommunications advisory committee, Washington D.C
6 Pastor-Satorras, R. and Vespignani, A., 2004, Evolution and Structure of the Internet: A Statistical Physics Approach, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press
7 Pas, E. and Kopplelman, F., 1987, An examination of the determinants day-to-day variability in individuals’ urban travel behavior, Transportation, 13, 183-200   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Wakabayashi, H. and Iida, Y., 1992, Upper and lower bounds of terminal reliability of road networks: an efficient method with Boolean algebra, Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 14, 29-44
9 White House, 2003, The national strategy for the physical protection of critical infrastructures and key assets (online: http://www.whitehouse.gov/ pcipb/physical_strategy.pdf)
10 Yoo, Y. B. and Deo, N., 1988, A comparison of algorithms for terminal-pair reliability, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 37, 210-215   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Nicholson, A. J. and Dalziell, E., 2003, Risk evaluation and management: a road network reliability study. in Iida, Y. and Bell, M.G.H. (eds.), The Network Reliability of Transport, Pergamon- Elsevier, Oxford
12 http://www.smrt.co.kr/Intro/General/General_income_station.jsp
13 Grubesic, T. H., O'Kelly, M. E., and Murray, A. T., 2003, A geographic perspective on commercial Internet survivability, Telematics and Informatics, 20, 51-69   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Huh, W. and Kim, H., 2003, Information flows on the internet of Korea, Journal of Urban Technology, 10, 61-87   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Delfino, G., Rindone, C., Russo, F., and Vitetta, A., 2005, Risk analysis in road safety: a model and an experimental application for pedestrians, European Transport Conference 2005: Seminars (online: http://etcproceedings.org/paper/riskanalysis- in-road-safety-a-model-and anexperimental- application-for-pedes)
16 Murray, A. T. and Grubesic, T. H., 2007, Critical Infrastructure: Reliability and Vulnerability, Springer-Verlag Press, Berlin
17 O'Kelly, M. E., and Kim, H., 2007, Survivability of commercial backbones with peering: a case study of Korean networks, in Murray, A. and Grubesic, T. (eds.), Critical Infrastructure, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
18 Taaffe, E. J., Gauthier, H. L., and O'Kelly, M. E., 1996, Geography of Transportation, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
19 Bell, M. G. H. and Iida, Y., 1997, Transportation Network Analysis, New York, John Wiley
20 Dotson, W. P. and Gobien, J. O., 1979, A new analysis technique for probabilistic graphs, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 26, 855- 865   DOI
21 http://www.seoulmetro.co.kr/
22 Matisziw, T. C. and Murray, A. T., 2009, Modeling s-t path availability to support disaster vulnerability assessment of network infrastructure, Computers & Operations Research, 36(1), 16-26   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Callaway, D. S., Newman, M. E. J., Strogatz, S. H., and Watts, D. J., 2000, Network robustness and fragility: percolation on random graphs, Physical Review Letters, 86, 5468-5471
24 Lee, K., Jung, W., Park, J., and Choi, M., 2008, Statistical analysis of the metropolitan Seoul subway system: network structure and passenger flows, Physica A, 387(24), 6231-6234   DOI   ScienceOn
25 O'Kelly, M. E., Kim, H., and Kim, C., 2006, Internet reliability with realistic peering, Environment and Planning B, 33, 325-343   DOI   ScienceOn
26 AT&T, 2005, The quality of internet service: AT&T’s Global IP network performance measurements, AT&T (http://ipnetwork.bgtmo.ip.att.net/pws/ method.html)
27 Cohen, R., Erez, K., ben-Avraham, D., and Havlin, S., 2001, Breakdown of the internet under intentional attack, Physical Review Letters, 86(16), 3682-3685   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Fortz, B. and Labbe, M., 2006, Design of survivable networks, in Resende, M. G. C. and Pardalos, P. M. (eds.), Handbook of Optimization in Telecommunications, New York, Springer
29 Wood, R. K., 1993, Deterministic network interdiction, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 17(2), 1- 18   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Baran, P., 1964, On distributed communication networks, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 12, 1-9
31 Lewis, T. G., 2006, Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security: Defending a Networked Nation, New York, John Wiley & Sons
32 O'Kelly, M. E., 2008, Routing traffic at hub facilities, Networks and Spatial Economics [online: DOI 10.1007/s11067-008-9061-z], 1-19
33 Medhi, D., 1999, Network reliability and fault tolerance, in Webster, J., Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ed.), New York, John Wiley and Sons
34 Wrobel, L. and Wrobel, S. M., 2009, Disaster Recovery Planning for Communications and Critical Infrastructure, Artech House, London
35 Gorman, S. P., Schintler, L., Kulkarni, R., and Stough, R., 2004, The revenge of distance: vulnerability analysis of critical information infrastructure, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 12, 48-63   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Lee, K., Hong, J., Min, H., and Park, J., 2007, Relationships between topological structures of traffic flows on the subway networks and land use patterns in the metropolitan, Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 10(4), 427-443
37 Colbourn, C. J., 1987, The Combinatorics of Network Reliability, New York, Oxford University Press
38 D'Este, G. M. and Taylor, M. A. P., 2003, Network vulnerability: an approach to reliability analysis at the level of national strategic transport networks, in Iida, Y. and Bell, M. G. H. (eds.), The Network Reliability of Transport, Pergamon- Elsevier, Oxford
39 Lam, W. H. K., Zhang, N., and Lo, H. K., 2007, A reliability-based user equilibrium model for traffic assignment, in Murray, A. and Grubesic, T.H. (eds.), Critical Infrastructure, Springer- Verlag, Berlin
40 Lee, K. and Lee, H., 1998, A new algorithm for graphtheoretic nodal accessibility measurement, Geographical Analysis, 30(1), 1-14   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Kim, H. and O'Kelly, M. E., 2009, Reliable p-hub location problems in telecommunication networks, Geographical Analysis, in press
42 Seoul Metropolitan Government, 2002, 2002 Household Survey for Commuting in Seoul Metropolitan Area, (2), Seoul Metropolitan Government (http://www.sdi.re.kr/od/od_2.pdf)
43 Albert, R. and Barabási, A. L., 2002, Statistical mechanics of complex networks, Reviews of Modern Physics, 74, 47-97   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Huh, W., 1991, The journey-to-work and residential location choice in Seoul, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 26(1), 46-61 (in Korean)
45 Ball, M. O., Golden, B. L., and Vohra, R.V., 1989, Finding the most vital arcs in a network, Operations Research Letter, 8, 73-76   DOI   ScienceOn
46 O'Kelly, M. E., 1986, Activity levels at hub facilities in interacting networks, Geographical Analysis, 18(4), 343-356   DOI
47 Park, J. and Lee, K., 2007, Mining trip patterns in the large trip-transaction database and analysis of travel behavior, Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea, 9(1), 44-63
48 Chen, Y., Bell, M. G. H., and Kaparias, J., 2007, Reliability analysis of road networks and preplanning of emergency rescue paths, in Murray, A. and Grubesic, T. H. (eds.), Critical Infrastructure, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
49 Matisziw, T. C., Murray, A. T., and Grubesic, T. H., 2009, Exploring the vulnerability of network infrastructure to interdiction, The Annals of Regional Science, 43(2), 307-321   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Grubesic, T. H., Matisziw, T. C., Murray, A. T., and Snedicker, D., 2008, Comparative approaches for assessing network vulnerability, International Regional Science Review, 31(1), 88-112   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Snyder, L. V. and Daskin, M. S., 2007, Models for reliable supply chain network design, in Murray, A. and Grubesic, T. H. (eds.), Critical Infrastructure, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
52 Church, R. L., Scaparra, M. P., and Middleton, R., 2004, The r-interdiction median problem and the rinterdiction covering problem, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94, 491- 502   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Shier, D. R., 1991, Network Reliability and Algebraic Structures, Oxford University Press, New York