Browse > Article

An Ecological Reflection on the Food Self-Sufficiency Debate of the Antebellum American South  

Keumsoo Hong (Department of Geography Education, Korea University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Geographical Society / v.39, no.2, 2004 , pp. 171-194 More about this Journal
Abstract
The antebellum American South has been characterized by the lingering backward images of plantation, slaves and cotton. The South specializing in the cotton cultivation is compared with the manufacturing East and the breadbasket Midwest. Douglass North who examined the interregional trade assumed that the South up until 1860 relied on the Midwest for the foodstuffs. Statistical and literary evidence, however, disputes the North's model, showing instead that the southern region attained self-sufficiency in foodstuffs at least in the late 1830s or early 1840s. The South's food self-sufficiency is attributable, to a greater extent, to the region-wide environmental movement of scientific agriculture launched to address the aggravating soil problems from cotton monoculture. Diversification and crop rotation lied in the center of the new regime. The new agricultural system combining com, cotton and cowpea ensured the procurement of hoecake, hog meat, and cotton. The most significant outcome of the good farming regime, however, was the enhanced environmental consciousness which came to prevail the best farmer's reckless rush for profit maximization.
Keywords
cotton; crop rotation; diversification; food self-sufficiency; scientific agriculture; the American South;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cash is good thing to eat: self-sufficiency and exchange in the rural economy of the United States /
[ Morrill,M. ] / Radical History Review
2 /
[ Owsley,F.L. ] / Plain Folk of the Old South
3 Distance, intercommunications, and geography /
[ Abler,R.F. ] / Proceedings of the Association of the American Geographers
4 /
[ Callender,G.S. ] / Selections from the Economic History of the United States, 1765-1860
5 The economic basis of society in the late ante-bellum south /
[ Owsley,F.L.;Owsley,H.C. ] / Journal of Southern History   DOI   ScienceOn
6 The causes of cotton-price fluctuations in the 1980's /
[ Temin,P. ] / Review of Econmics and Statistics   DOI   ScienceOn
7 /
[ Main,J.T. ] / The Social Structure of Revolutionary America
8 development of natural resources: the coming technological revolution on the land /
[ Bennett,H.H. ] / Science   DOI
9 /
[ DeBow,J.D.B. ] / The Industrial Resources, etc., of the Southern and Western States
10 /
[ Earle,C.V. ] / Geographical Inquiry and American Historical Problems
11 Long-term trends in agricultural specialization in the United States: some preliminary results /
[ Gregson,M.E. ] / Agricultural History
12 Frontier Closure and the involution of American society /
[ Earle,C.V. ] / Journal of the Early Republic   DOI   ScienceOn
13 /
[ Fogel,R.W.;R.L.Andreano(ed.) ] / New Views on American Economic Development
14 /
[ Genovese,E.D. ] / The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of teh Slave South
15 The Self-sufficiency of the antebellum south: estimates of the food supply /
[ Hutchinson,W.K.;Williamson,S.H. ] / Journal of Economic History   DOI   ScienceOn
16 /
[ Lindstrom,D. ] / Economic Development in the Philadelphia region, 1810-1850
17 /
[ Olmeted,F.L. ] / The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveller's Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States
18 /
[ Spedding,C.R.W.;Walsingham,J.M.;Hoxey,A.M. ] / Biological Efficiency in Agriculture
19 Tableau de la geographie de la France /
[ de la Blache, P.V.;E. Lavisse(ed.) ] / Histoire de France
20 /
[ Fishlow,A. ] / American Railroads and the Transportation of the Antobellum Economy
21 /
[ Hilliard,S.B. ] / Hog Meat and Hoecake: Food supply in the Old South, 1840-1860
22 /
[ Earle,C.V. ] / Space, Tiem, and the American Way: A Geographical History of the United States, 1600-date
23 /
[ Cole,A.H. ] / Wholesale Commodity Prices in the United States, 1700-1861, Statistical Supplement, Actual Wholesale Prices of Various Commodities
24 The early transportation and banking enterprises of the states in relation to the growth of corporations /
[ Callender,G.S. ] / Quarterly Journal of Economics   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Antebellum interregional trade: the Mississippi River as an example /
[ Hilliard,S.B.;R.E.Ehrenberg(ed.) ] / Pattern and Process: Research in Historical Geography
26 Perspectives on the history of soil erosion control in the eastern united States /
[ Trimble,S.W. ] / Agricultural History
27 /
[ U.S. Census Bureau ] / Eighth Census of the U.S., 1980, Agriculture
28 Spatial reorganization: a model and concept /
[ Jannell,D.G. ] / Annals of the Associatio of American Geographers   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Douglass C. North on American economic growth /
[ Bruchey,S. ] / Explorations in Entrepreneurial History N.S.
30 /
[ North,D.C.(ed.);Thomas,R.P(ed.) ] / The Growth of the American Economy to 1860
31 Livestock in the slave economy of the old south a revised view /
[ Genovese,E.D. ] / Agricultural History
32 Southern dependence upon international grain supplies: a review of the trade flows, 1840-1860 /
[ Lindstrom,D. ] / Agricultural History
33 /
[ DeBow,J.D.B. ] / Statistical View of the United States
34 The antebellum interregional trade hypothesis: a reexamination of theory and evidence /
[ Mercer,L.J.;R.L.Ransom(ed.)(et al.) ] / Explorations in the New Economic History: Essays in honor of Douglass C. Notrh
35 House of Representatives, 46th Congress, 3rd Session, Executive Document 11 Part 2 /
[ Nimmo,J.Jr. ] / Report on the Internal Commerce of the United States
36 Comments on the adjustment of settlements in marginal areas /
[ Peget,E. ] / Geografiska Annaler   DOI   ScienceOn
37 /
[ Gigg,D. ] / An Introduction to Agricultural Geography
38 Lewis Thompson, A carolinian and his Louisiana plantation, 1848-1888: a study in absentee ownership /
[ Sitterson,J.C. ] / James Sprunt Studies in Hitory and Political Science
39 /
[ Seller,C. ] / The Market Revolution: jacksonian America, 1815-1846
40 /
[ Liebig,J. ] / Letters on Modern Agriculture
41 /
[ Johnson,E.R.;van Metre, T.W.;Huebner,G.G.;Hanchett,D.S. ] / History of Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the United States
42 /
[ Gray,L.C. ] / History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860
43 /
[ U.S. Census Bureau ] / Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970
44 Interregional differences in per capita income, Population, and Total Income, 1840-1950 /
[ Easterlin,R.A. ] / Studies in Income and Wealth
45 /
[ Liebig,J. ] / Organic Chemistry in Its Applications to Agriculture and Physiology
46 Cotton, corn, and risk in the nineteenth century /
[ Wright,G.;Kunreuther,H. ] / Journal of Economic History   DOI   ScienceOn
47 Farm-making costs and the "safety valve": 1850-60 /
[ Danhof,C.H. ] / Journal of Political Economy   DOI   ScienceOn
48 The southern farmer and the cotton question /
[ Hammond,M.B. ] / Political Science Quarterly   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Internal commerce and the development of national economy before 1960 /
[ Schmidt,L.B. ] / Journal of Political Economy   DOI   ScienceOn
50 An econometric study of cotton production and trade, 1830-1860 /
[ Wright,G. ] / Review of Economics and Statistics   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Location theory and regional economic growth /
[ North,D.C. ] / Journal of Political Economy   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Self-sufficiency in the cotton economy of the antebellum south /
[ Gallman,R.E. ] / Agricultural History
53 The price of precocity: technical choice an ecological constraint in the cotton South, 1840-1890 /
[ Earle,C.V. ] / Agricultural History
54 /
[ Ruffin,E. ] / An Essay on Calcareous Manures
55 /
[ North,D.C. ] / The Economic Growth of the United States, 1790-1860
56 /
[ Bruchey,S. ] / Cotton and the Growth of the American Economy, 1790-1860: Sources and Readings
57 /
[ Commons,J.R.(et al.) ] / A Documentary history of American Industrial Society Ⅰ. Plantation and Frontier
58 Division of labor: the splintered geography of labor markets and movement sin industrializing America, 1790-1930 /
[ Earle,C.V. ] / International Review of Social history   DOI
59 Economic democracy and the concentration of agricultural wealth in the cotton south, 1850-1860 /
[ Wright,G. ] / Agricultural History