Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2016.53.4.097

Nonuniform Gain Correction Based on the Filtered Gain Map in Radiography Image Detectors  

Kim, Dong Sik (Hankuk University of Foureign Studies)
Publication Information
Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers / v.53, no.4, 2016 , pp. 97-105 More about this Journal
Abstract
Radiography image detector produces digital images by collecting the charges from the incident x-ray photons and converting it to the voltage signals and then the digital signals. The fixed-pattern noise from the nonuinform amplifier gains in the employed multiple readout circuits. In order to correct the nonuniform gains, a gain-correction technique which is based on the gain map is conventionally used. Since the photon noise remains in the designed gain map, the noise contaminates the gain-corrected images. In this paper, experimental observations are conducted for filtering the remained noise in the gain map, and a filter optimization algorithm is proposed to efficiently remove the noise. For acquired x-ray images from detectors, the filtered gain maps are evaluated and it is shown that optimization algorithm can improve the filtering performance even for relatively strong fixed-pattern noises, which cannot be removed by a simple filter.
Keywords
Filtered gain map; Gain correction; Noise power spectrum; Radiography detector;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd. ed., Prentice Hall: NY, 2008.
2 D. S. Kim, "Artifact reduction in digital radiography images with the stationary grid based on 1-dimensional filters," Jour. Inst. Electr. Inform. Eng. vol. 47SP, no. 5, pp. 117-126, 2010.
3 D. S. Kim, "Grid angle optimization and grid artifact reduction in digital radiography images based on the modulation model," Jour. Inst. Electr. Inform. Eng. vol. 48SP, no. 3, pp. 30-41, 2011.
4 D. L. Lee, L. K. Cheung, and L. S. Jeromin, "A new digital detector for projection radiography," in Proc. SPIE, Medical Imaging: Physics of Medical Imaging, vol. 2432, pp. 237-249, 1995.
5 G. C. Holst, CCD Arrays, Cameras and Displays, SPIE Optical Eng. Press, 1996.
6 J. T. Dobbins, Ch. 3 Image Quality Metrics for Digital Systems, Handbook of Medical Imaging: Vol. 1. Physics and Psychophysics, SPIE, Washington, 2000.
7 R. L. Weisfiled, M. A. Harney, R. A. Street, and R. B. Apte, "New amorphous-silicon image sensor for x-ray diagnostic medical imaging applications," in Proc. SPIE Medical Imaging: Physics of Medical Imaging, vol. 3339, pp. 444-452, 1998.
8 J. A. Seibert, J. M. Boone, and K. K. Linfors, "Flat-field correction technique for digital detectors," in Proc. SPIE Medical Imaging: Physics of Medical Imaging, vol. 3336, pp. 348-354, 1998.
9 D. Olsen, C. Dou, X. Zhang, L. Hu, H. Kim, and E. Hildum, "Radiometric calibration for AgCam," Remote Sensing, vol. 2, pp. 464-477, 2010.   DOI
10 J. P. Moy and B. Bosset, "How does real offset and gain correction affect the DQE in images from x-ray flat detector," in Proc. Medical Imaging: Physics of Medical Imaging, vol. 3659, pp. 90-97, 1999.
11 B. Rodricks, D. L. Lee, M. Hoffberg, and C. Williams, "Filtered gain calibration and its effect on DQE and image quality in digital imaging," in Proc. SPIE Medical Imaging: Physics of Medical Imaging, vol. 3977, pp. 477-486, 2000.
12 J. C. Dainty and R. Shaw, Image Science: Principles, Analysis, and Evaluation, Academic Press: NY, 1974.
13 D. S. Kim, E. Kim, and S. Lee, "Performance analysis of the gain correction in radiography imaging," in Proc. IEEE International Conf. Image Processing, pp. 3641-3645, 2014.
14 D. S. Kim, "Estimation and compensation of the signal-to-noise ratios in radiography imaging under irregular detector gains," in Proc. IEEE International Symp. Biomedical Imaging, pp. 505-508, 2014.
15 D. G. Luenberger, Linear and Nonlinear Programming, 2nd. ed., Addison Wesley: MA, 1984.
16 IEC62220-1, Characteristics of Digital X-ray Imaging Devices-Part1: Determination of the Detective Quantum Efficiency, International Electro Technical Commission Report, 2003.