Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2017.39.8.462

Assessment of the Struvite Crystallization Process for Phosphate Removal and Recovery from a Sludge Treatment System of a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant  

Baek, Seung Ryong (K-water Water Environment Technical Center)
Lee, Byung Joon (School of Disaster Prevention and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Abstract
Eutrophication and shortage of phosphate ore raise the necessity of phosphate removal and recovery from wastewater treatment plants. Especially, a sludge treatment system containing highly concentrated phosphate should be targeted for phosphate removal and recovery. This study thus aimed to evaluate the capability of the struvite crystallization process for phosphate removal and recovery from a sludge treatment system of a wastewater treatment plant. Analysis on phosphate concentrations and masses in the sludge treatment system revealed that digested sludge and centrate have phosphate concentrations and masses, high enough to adopt the struvite crystallization process. Chemical equilibrium modeling indicated that the struvite crystallization reaction substantially occurred with pH higher than 8 and $Mg^{2+}$ concentration 1.2 times higher than its theoretical requirement. A series of batch tests with digested sludge and centrate indicated that the phosphate removal reaction by struvite crystallization followed a first-order kinetics and reached over 80% removal efficiency at equilibrium. Aeration in the batch tests was found to purge $CO_2$ in sludge or centrate and increase pH up to 8.7, without adding NaOH. Thus, we concluded that the struvite crystallization process could be an efficient and economical process for phosphate removal and recovery from a wastewater treatment plant.
Keywords
Phosphate; Recovery; Struvite; Digested Sludge; Centrate;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Weon, S. Y., Park, S. K. and Lee, S. I., "Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Using Struvite Crystallization," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 22(4), 599-607(2000).
2 Jo, Y. M., Chun, B. H. and Park, C. J., "Recovery and Recycle Technologies of Phosphorous from River and Water Treatment Plants," Korean Ind. Chem. News, 14(5), 1-11(2011).
3 Choi, W. J., Park, K. M., Yoon, B. G., Kim, M. C. and Oh, K. J., "Recovery of Presource from Sewage Sludge by a Struvite-forming Method," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 31(7), 557-564(2009).
4 Lee, S., Kim, C., Park, J., Choi, D. and Ahn, J., "Comparison of Steel Slag and Activated Carbon for Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 39(5), 303-309(2017).   DOI
5 Le Corre, K. S., Valsami-Jones, E., Hobbs, P. and Parsons, S. A., "Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization: A Review," Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. and Technol., 39(6), 433-477(2009).   DOI
6 Abe, S., "Phosphate removal from dewatering filtrate by MAP process in full scale experiment at Seibu Wastewater Treatment Plant," Proceedings 4th CIWEM & JSWA Technology Exchange Workshop, pp. 260-277(1995).
7 Bergmans, B., Struvite recovery from digested sludge, PhD Dissertation, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands (2011).
8 De-Bashan, L. E. and Bashan, Y., "Recent advances in removing phosphorous from waste water and its future use as fertilizer (1997-2003)," Water Res., 38, 4222(2004).   DOI
9 Park, N., Chang, H., Lim, H., Ahn, K. and Kim, W., "Empirical Study on Applicability of Phosphorus Recovery Process in Wastewater Treatment Plant," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 39(1), 40-49(2017).   DOI
10 Borgerding, J., "Phosphate deposits in digestion systems," J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 44(5), 813-819(1972).
11 Battistoni, P., Pavan, P., Prisciandaro, M. and Cecchi, F., "Struvite crystallization: a feasible and reliable way to fix phosphorus in anaerobic supernatants," Water Res., 34(11), 3033-3041(2000).   DOI
12 Fujimoto, N., Mizuochi, T. and Togami, Y., "Phosphorus fixation in the sludge treatment system of a biological phosphorus removal process," Water Sci. and Technol., 23, 635-640(1991).   DOI
13 Matsumiya, Y., Yamasita, T. and Nawamura, Y., "Phosphorus Removal from Sidestreams by Crystallisation of Magnesium-Ammonium-Phosphate Using Seawater," Water and Environ. J., 14, 291-296(2000).   DOI
14 APAH, AWWA and WEF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th Ed. American Water Works Association, Washington DC, USA(2005).
15 Celen, I., Buchanan, J. R., Bruns, R. T., Robinson, R. B. and Raman, D. R., "Using a chemical equilibrium model to predict amendments required to precipitate phosphorus as struvite in liquid swine manure," Water Res., 41(8), 1689-1696(2007).   DOI
16 Ali, M. I. and Schneider, P. A., "A fed-batch design approach of struvite system in controlled supersaturation," Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 3951-3961(2006).   DOI
17 Ali, M. I. and Schneider, P. A., "An approach of estimating struvite growth kinetic incorporating thermodynamic and solution chemistry, kinetic and process description," Chem. Eng. Sci., 63, 3514-3515(2008).   DOI
18 Nelson, N. O., Mikkelson, R. L. and Hesterberg, D. L., "Struvite precipitation in anaerobic swine lagoon liquid: effect of pH and Mg : P ratio and determination of rate constant," Bioresour. Technol., 89, 229-236(2003).   DOI
19 Mehta, C. M. and Batstone, D. J., "Nuclearting and growth kinetics of struvite crystallization," Water Res., 47, 2890-2900(2013).   DOI
20 Rahaman, M. S., Ellis, N. and Mavinic, D. S., "Effects of various process parameters on struvite precipitation kinetics and subsequent determination of rate constants," Water Sci. and Technol., 57(5), 647-654(2008).   DOI
21 Rahman, M., Salleh, M. A. M., Rashid, U., Ahsan, A., Hossain, M. M. and Ra, C. S., "Nuclearting and growth kinetics of struvite crystallization," Arabian J. Chem., 7, 139-155(2014).   DOI
22 Wang, S., Hawkins, G. L., Kiepper, B. H. and Das, K. C., "Struvite Precipitation as a Means of Recovering Nutrients and Mitigating Ammonia Toxicity in a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digester Treating Protein-Rich Feedstocks," Molecules, 21, 1011(2016).   DOI