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http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2017.39.7.403

Characteristic Occurrence and Distributions of Pharmaceuticals in the Nakdong River  

Lee, Heon-Jun (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
Kim, Hee-Young (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
Kim, Ki Yong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
Yang, Duk-Seok (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Lee, Injung (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Lim, Young-Kyong (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Jae-Hyuk (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
Oh, Jeong-Eun (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University)
Publication Information
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and temporal variation of eight pharmaceuticals comprising antibiotics (clarithromycin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), scabicide (carbamazepine) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, naproxen) in main stream and its tributary of the Nakdong River basin, were investigated. Concentrations of the target compounds ranged from . The highest average concentration was observed for clarithromycin ($0.0316{\mu}g/L$), followed by sulfamethazine ($0.0170{\mu}g/L$), sulfamethoxazole ($0.0161{\mu}g/L$), naproxen ($0.0129{\mu}g/L$), carbamazepine ($0.0093{\mu}g/L$), acetylsalicylic acid ($0.0047{\mu}g/L$), sulfathiazole ($0.0024{\mu}g/L$) and trimethoprim ($0.0022{\mu}g/L$). The decreasing pattern of pharmaceutical concentrations was observed along with Nakdong River and the higher concentrations in downstream were observed than those in upstream. There was no temporal variation of the target compounds although the highest level was found in February. The calculated hazard quotients (HQs) for eight pharmaceuticals were below 1, indicating no environmental hazard in Nakdong River. However, further monitoring is still needed due to the other pharmaceuticals widely used in Korea.
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals; Nakdong River; Monitoring; Risk Assessment; Hazard Quotients;
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