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http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2013.35.11.835

Separation of Nanomaterials Using Flow Field-Flow Fractionation  

Kim, Sung-Hee (Department of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Lee, Woo-Chun (Department of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Kim, Soon-Oh (Department of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Na, So-Young (School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Kim, Hyun-A (School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Lee, Byung-Tae (School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Lee, Byoung-Cheun (Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Eom, Ig-Chun (Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.35, no.11, 2013 , pp. 835-860 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recently, the consumption of nanomaterials has been significantly increased in both industrial and commercial sectors, as a result of steady advancement in the nano-technologies. This ubiquitous use of nanomaterials has brought up the concern that their exposure to environments may cause detrimental effects on human health as well as natural ecosystems, and it is required to characterize their behavior in various environmental media and to evaluate their ecotoxicity. For the sake of accomplishing those assessments, the development of methods to effectively separate them from diverse media and to quantify their properties should be requisitely accompanied. Among a number of separation techniques developed so far, this study focuses on Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) because of its strengths, such as relatively less disturbance of samples and simple pretreatment, and we review overseas and domestic literatures on the separation of nanomaterials using the FFF technique. In particular, researches with Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (FlFFF) are highlighted due to its most frequent application among FFF techniques. The basic principle of the FlFFF is briefly introduced and the studies conducted so far are classified and scrutinized based on the sort of target nanomaterials for the purpose of furnishing practical data and information for the researchers struggling in this field. The literature review suggests that the operational conditions, such as pretreatment, selection of membrane and carrier solution, and rate (velocity) of each flow, should be optimized in order to effectively separate them from various matrices using the FFF technique. Moreover, it seems to be a prerequisite to couple or hyphenate with several detectors and analyzers for quantification of their properties after their separation using the FFF. However, its application has been restricted regarding the types of target nanomaterials and environmental media. Furthermore, domestic literature data on both separation and characterization of nanomaterials are extremely limited. Taking into account the overwhelmingly increasing consumption of nanomaterials, the efforts for the area seem to be greatly urgent.
Keywords
Nanomaterials; Separation Technique; Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF); Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (FlFFF); Carrier Solution; Flow Condition;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
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108 Baalousha, M., Manciulea, A., Cumberland, S., Kendall, K. and Lead, J. R., "Aggregation and surface properties of iron oxide nanoparticles: Influence of ph and natural organic matter," Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27(9), 1875-1882(2008).   DOI   ScienceOn
109 Knappe, P., Boehmert, L., Bienert, R., Karmutzki, S., Niemann, B., Lampen, A. and Thnnemann, A. F., "Processing nanoparticles with A4F-SAXS for toxicological studies: Iron oxide in cell-based assays," J. Chromatogr. A, 1218(27), 4160-4166(2011).   DOI   ScienceOn
110 Lesher, E. K., Ranville, J. F. and Honeyman, B. D., "Analysis of pH dependent uranium (VI) sorption to nanoparticulate hematite by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry," Environ. Sci. Technol., 43 (14), 5403-5409(2009).   DOI   ScienceOn
111 Gimbert, L. J., Hamon, R. E., Casey, P. S and Worsfold, P. J., "Partitioning and stability of engineered ZnO nanoparticles in soil suspensions using flow field-flow fractionation,"Environ. Chem., 4(1), 8-10(2007).   DOI   ScienceOn
112 Bouby, M., Geckeis, H. and Geyer, F. W., "Application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) to the quantitative characterization of natural colloids and synthetic nanoparticles," Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 392, 1447-1457(2008).   DOI
113 Hagendorfer, H., Kaegi, R., Traber, J., Mertens, S. F. L., Scherrers, R., Ludwig, C. and Ulrich, A., "Application of an asymmetric flow field flow fractionation multi-detector approach for metallic engineered nanoparticle characterization- Prospects and limitations demonstrated on Au nanoparticles," Anal. Chim. Acta, 706, 367-378(2011).   DOI   ScienceOn
114 Baalousha, M. and Lead, J. R., "Rationalizing nanomaterial sizes measured by Atomic Force Microscopy, Flow Field- Flow Fractionation, and Dynamic Light Scattering: Sample preparation, polydispersity, and particle structure," Environ. Sci. Technol., 46(11), 6134-6142(2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
115 Bae, J., Kim, W., Rah, K., Jung, E. C. and Lee, S., "Application of flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) for size characterization of carbon black particles in ink," Microchem. J., 104, 44-48(2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
116 Guan, X., Cueto, R., Russo, P., Qi, Y. and Wu, Q., "Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation with Multiangle Light Scattering Detection for characterization of cellulose nanocrystals," Biomacromolecules, 13(9), 2671-2679(2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
117 Chen, B., Jiang, H., Zhu, Y., Cammers, A. and Selegue, J. P., "Monitoring the growth of polyoxomolybdate nanoparticles in suspension by flow field-flow fractionation," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127(12), 4166-4167(2005).   DOI   ScienceOn
118 Assemi, S., Tadjiki, S., Donose, B. C., Nguyen, A. V. and Miller, J. D., "Aggregation of fullerol $C_{60}(OH)_{24}$ nanoparticles as revealed using Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Atomic Force Microscopy," Langmuir, 26(20), 16063-16070 (2010).   DOI   ScienceOn
119 Isaacson, C. W. and Bouchard, D., "Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation of aqueous C60 nanoparticles with size determination by dynamic light scattering and quantification by liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure photo-ionization mass spectrometry," J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(9), 1506-1512(2010).   DOI   ScienceOn