Browse > Article

Comparison of the Sonodegradation of Naphthalene and Phenol by the Change of Frequencies and Addition of Oxidants or Catalysts  

Park, Jong-Sung (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy)
Her, Nam-Guk (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.32, no.7, 2010 , pp. 706-713 More about this Journal
Abstract
The research seeks to find the optimal conditions for sonodegradation of naphthalene and phenol as exemplary organic pollutants to be subjected to ultrasound in varying frequencies (28 kHz, 580 kHz, and 1,000 kHz) and in the presence of different kinds of additive (T$TiO_2$, $H_2O_2$, $FeSO_4$, Zeolite, and Cu). In cases of both naphthalene and phenol, 580 kHz of ultrasound has proven to be the most effective among others at sonodegradation. Based on the observation that OH radicals are also produced in maximum under exposure of 580 kHz of ultrasound, we concluded that this frequency of ultrasound creates hospitable condition for the combined process of degradation by pyrolysis and oxidization. $FeSO_4 degradation rate and k1 value have increased by approximately 1.8 times compared with the results of the solutions without any additives. This seems to be the result of ultrasound reaction which, accompanied by Fenton's reaction, increased the oxidative degradation and the production of OH radicals. However, application of ultrasound and Fenton's reaction is limited to the batch type conditions, as its use in continuous system can cause loss of iron or decay of the cistern, thereby creating additional pollutants. When the additive is replaced with $TiO_2$, on the contrary, the rate of sonodegradation has increased up to 20% compared to when there was no additive. We therefore conclude that $TiO_2$ could prove to be an effective additive for ultrasound degradation in continuous treatment system.
Keywords
Naphthalene; Phenol; Ultrasound; Frequency; Oxidants and Catalysts;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Molina, R., Martínez, F., Melero, J. A., Bremner, D. H. and Chakinala, A. G., "Mineralization of phenol by a heterogeneous $ultrasound/Fe-SBA-15/H_2O_2$ process: Multivariate study by factorial design of experiments," Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 66, 198-207(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Qadir, L. R., Osburn-Atkinson, E. J., Swider-Lyons, K. E., Cepak, V. M. and Rolison, D. R., "Sonochemically induced decomposition of energetic materials in aqueous media," Chemosphere, 50, 1107-1114(2003).   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Jiang, Y., Petrier, C. and Waite, T.D., "Sonolysis of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution: Effects of substrate concentration, aqueous temperature and ultrasonic frequency," Ultrason. Sonochem., 13, 415-422(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
4 이민주, 오재일, "다중 초음파 조사 반응조에서의 TCE의 초음파 분해," 대한환경공학회지, 31(10), 873-882(2009).   과학기술학회마을
5 Adewuyi, Y. G., "Sonochemistry in environmental remediation. 1. Combinative and hybrid sonophotochemical oxidation processes for the treatment of pollutants in water," Environ Sci Technol., 10, 3409-20(2005).
6 Nalini Vijaya Laxmia, P., Sarithaa, P., Rambabua, N., Himabindua, V. and Anjaneyulub. Y., "Sonochemical degradation of 2chloro-5methyl phenol assisted by $TiO_2\;and\;H_2O_2$," J. Hazard. Mater., 174, 151-155(2010).   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Chand, R., Ince, N.H., Gogate, P.R., Bremner D.H., "Phenol degradation using 20, 300 and 520 kHz ultrasonic reactors with hydrogen peroxide, ozone and zero valent metals," Sep. Purif. Technol., 67, 103-109(2009).   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Chen, Y. and Smirniotis, P., "Enhancement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol and Chlorophenols by Ultrasound," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 5958-5965(2002).   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Entezari, M. H., Pretrier, C. and Devidal, P., "Sonochemical degradation of phenol in water: a comparison of classical equipment with a new cylindrical reactor," Ultrason. Sonochem., 10, 103-108(2003).   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Kang, J. W., Hung, H. M. and Lin, A., Hoffmann, M.R., "Sonolytic destruction of methyl tert-butyl ether by ultrasonic irradiation: The role of $O_3,\;H_2O_2$, frequency, and power density," Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 3199-3205(1999).   DOI   ScienceOn
11 NLM, United State National Library Medicine, http://www.toxnet.nlm.nih.gov.
12 Nomura, H., Koda, S., Yasuda, K. and Kojima, Y., "Quantification of ultrasonic intensity based on the decomposition reaction of porphyrin," Ultrason. Sonochem., 3, S153-S156(1996).   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Bremner, D. H., Burgess, A. E., Didier, H. and Namkung, K. C., "Phenol degradation using hydroxyl radicals generated from zero-valent iron and hydrogen peroxide," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 63, 15-19(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
14 박종성, 박소영, 오재일, 정상조, 이민주, 허남국, "초음파 주파수 및 반응조건 변화에 따른 나프탈렌 분해효율과 OH 라디칼의 발생량 비교," 대한환경공학회지, 31(2), 79-89(2009).   과학기술학회마을
15 Gogate, P. R., Mujumdara, S., Thampib, J., Wilhelm, A. M. and Pandit, A. B., "Destruction of phenol using sonochemical reactors: scale up aspects and comparison of novel configuration with conventional reactors," Sep. Purif. Technol., 34, 25-34(2004).   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Psillakis, E., Goula, G., Kalogerakis, N. and Mantzavinos, D., "Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous solutions by ultrasonic irradiation," J. Hazard. Mater., 108, 95-102(2004).   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Park, J. K., Hong, S. W. and Chang, W. S., "Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by ultrasonic irradiation," Environ. Technol., 21, 1317-1323(2000).   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Vassilakis, C., Pantidou, A., Psillakis, E., Kalogerakis, N. and Mantzavinos, D., "Sonolysis of natural phenolic compounds in aqueous solutions: degradation pathways and biodegradability," Water Res., 38, 3110-3118(2004).   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Entezari, M. H. and Pretrier, C., "A combination of ultrasound and oxidative enzyme: sono-biodegradation of substituted phenols," Environ. Technol., 21, 1317-1323(2000).   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Park, J. K., Hong, S. W. and Chang, W. S., "Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by ultrasonic irradiation," Environ. Technol., 10, 241-246(2003).
21 임명희, 손영규, 양재근, 김지형, "초음파로 페놀 분해 시염소계화합물의 첨가와 음향 강도의 영향," 한국물환경학회지, 24(1), 118-122(2008).
22 Adewuyi, Y. G., "Sonochemistry: Environmental science and engineering applications," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 4681-4715(2001).   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene(2008).
24 Nanzai, B., Okitsu, K., Takenaka, N., Bandow, H. and Maeda, Y., "Sonochemical degradation of various monocyclic aromatic compounds: Relation between hydrophobicities of organic compounds and the decomposition rates," Ultrason. Sonochem., 15, 478-483(2008).   DOI   ScienceOn
25 ATSDR, "Toxicological profile for Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene," U.S. Department of Health And Human Services Public Health Service(2005).
26 EC-JRC, "European Chemicals Bureau. European Union Risk Assessment Report, naphthalene," European Commission Joint Research Centre, EUR 20763 EN, 1st priority List, Vol. 33(2003).
27 National Tap Water Quality Database, http://www.ewg.org/tapwater/contaminants/contaminant.php?contamcode=2248(2008).
28 Lair, A., Ferronato, C., Chovelon, J. M. and Herrmann, J. M., "Naphthalene degradation in water by heterogeneous photocatalysis: An investigation of the influence of inorganic anions," J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chemistry, 193, 193-203(2008).   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Uberoi, V. and Bhattacharya, S. K. "Toxicity and degradability of nitrophenols in anaerobic systems," Water Environ. Res., 69, 146-156(1997).   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Wikipedia, http://ko.wikipedia.org(2008).
31 Namkung, K. C., Burgess, A. E., Bremner, D. H. and Staines, H., "Advanced Fenton processing of aqueous phenol solutions: A continuous system study including sonication effects," Ultrason. Sonochem, 15, 171-176(2008).   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Bremner, D. H., Burgess, A. E., Didier, H. and Namkung, K. C., "Phenol degradation using hydroxyl radicals generated from zero-valent iron and hydrogen peroxide," Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 63, 15-19(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Park, J., Her, N. and Yoon Y., "Sonochemical degradation of chlorinated phenolic compounds in water: physicochemical properties of compounds on degradation," Water. Air. Soil Poll., in press(2010).