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Removal of Chloramphenicol, Salicylic Acid and Ketoprofen using Various Oxidation Processes : Oxidation Kinetic Evaluation  

Son, Hee-Jong (Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.32, no.2, 2010 , pp. 219-226 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to evaluate a removal characteristic of chloramphenicol, salicylic acid and ketoprofen according to dose of oxidants, $Cl_2$, $O_3$ and $O_3/H_2O_2$ are used as oxidants in this study. In case of that $Cl_2$ is used for oxidizing harmaceuticals, chloramphenicol, salicylic acid and ketoprofen is not removed entirely at $Cl_2$ dose rang of 0.5~5.0 mg/L for 60 min. However, removal tendency of salicylic acid is so obviously at $Cl_2$ dose higher than 1.0 mg/L. In addition, as $Cl_2$ dose and contact time increase, the removal rate of salicylic acid is enhanced. When $O_3$ is used as oxidant, chloramphenicol and ketoprofen is not eliminated at $O_3$ dose range of 0.2~2.0 mg/L. On the contrary, 30~70% of salicylic acid is removed at $O_3$ dose of 1.0~5.0 mg/L. Only 30% removal of salicylic acid is achieved at contact time of 5 min, however, the removal rate is enhanced remarkably at contact time over 10 min. In experiments using $O_3/H_2O_2$ as an oxidant, we can find that $O_3/H_2O_2$ is much more effective than $O_3$ only for removal of 3 pharmaceuticals, and the efficiency is raised according to increase of $H_2O_2$ dose. On reaction rate constant and half-life of 3 pharmaceuticals depending on $Cl_2$, $O_3$ and $O_3/H_2O_2$ dose, experiments using $O_3/H_2O_2$ show that oxidation of pharmaceuticals is less effective as the $H_2O_2/O_3$ ratio increases to above pproximately 1.0 related to reaction rate constant. An oxidation of salicylic acid by $Cl_2$ and $O_3$ particularly has a comparatively high reaction rate constant comparing $O_3/H_2O_2$, and thus salicylic acid is easily eliminated in oxidation processes.
Keywords
Pharmaceutical; Oxidation Process; Chloramphenicol; Salicylic Acid; Ketoprofen; Reaction Rate Constant (k); Half-Life ($t_{1/2}$);
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