Browse > Article

Occurrence of EDC/PPCPs in Influent and Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant  

Lee, Min-Ju (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Chung-Ang University)
Ryu, Jae-Na (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Chung-Ang University)
Oh, Je-Ill (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Chung-Ang University)
Kim, Hyun-Bae (POSCO Engineering & Construction)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.31, no.9, 2009 , pp. 783-792 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study investigated 31 selected EDCs(Endocrine Disrupting Compounds) and PPCPs(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products) in the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) nearby Seoul metropolitan area. The chemical compounds of EDC/PPCPs detected from the plant influent sample include stimulant, X-ray contrast media and fire retardant. The total amount of each compound class were 59.67%, 20.20% and 9.00% respectively. However, in the effluent sample, the major micropolutants detected were oral beta-blocker(30.54%), fire retardant(20.49%), X-ray contrast media(18.17%). The EDC/PPCPs occurrence levels of this study were somewhat lower than previous domestic studies'. When compared to those of overseas, the values were even lower. Some pharmaceutical compound levels particularly measured in European studies were even several thousand times high. This study then compared PECs(Predicted Environmental Concentration) and MECs(Measured Environmental Concentration) of 9 selected pharmaceuticals compounds. The calculated PECs were substantially different with the MECs, while the occurrence order between the PECs and MECs in terms of concentrations of the compounds were similar.
Keywords
Micropollutant; Endocrine Disrupting Compounds; Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products; Wastewater Treatment Plant;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lindqvist, N., Tuhkanen, T., Kronberg, L., “Occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in raw and treated sewages and in receiving waters,” Water Res., 39, 2219-2228(2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Stasinakis, A. S., Gatidou, G., Mamais, D., Thomaidis, N. S., and Lekkas, T. D., “Occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupters in Greek sewage treatment plants,” Water Res., 42, 1796-1804(2008)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Ashton, D., Hilton, M., and Thomas, K. V., “Investigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom,” Sci. Total Environ., 333, 167-184(2004)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., and Buxton, H. T.“, Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U. S. Streams, 1999-2000: A National Reconnaissance,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1202-1211(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 김주형, 박찬구, 김민영, 안승구, “LC/MS 를 이용한 물 환경내의잔류의약품 분석,” 한국환경분석학회지, 11(2), 99-108(2008a)
6 Shane, A. S., Brett, J. V., J$\"{o}$rg, D., Eric, D., Erin, M. S., Gretchen, M. B., and Richard, C. P., State of Knowledge of Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water, Awwa Research Foundation, Denver, CO(2008)
7 Clara, M., Kreuzinger, N., Strenn, B., Gans, O., and Kroiss, H., “The solids retention time-a suitable design parameter to evaluate the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to remove micropollutants,” Water Res., 39, 97-106 (2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 G$\mez, M. J., Mart nez Bueno, M. J., Lacorte, S., Fern ndez-Alba, A. R., and Ag era, A., “Pilot survey monitoring pharmaceuticals and related compounds in a sewage treatment plant located on the Mediterranean coast,” Chemosphere, 66, 993-1002(2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Ternes, T. A., and Hirsch, R., “Occurrence and behavior of Xray contrast media in sewage facilities and the aquatic environment,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2741-2748(2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Quintana, J. B., Weiss, S., and Reemtsma, T., “Pathways and metabolites of microbial degradation of selected acidic pharmaceutical and their occurrence in municipal wastewater treated by a membrane bioreactor,” Water Res., 39, 2654-2664(2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Nakada, N., Tanishima, T., Shinohara, H., Kiri, K., and Takada, H., “Pharmaceutical chemicals and endocrine disrupters in municipal wastewater in Tokyo and their removal during activated sludge treatment,” Water Res., 40,. 3297-3303(2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Ternes, T. A., Hirsch, R., Mueller, J., and Haberer, K., “Methods for the determination of neutral drugs as well as betablockers and $\beta$ 2-sympathomimetics in aqueous matrices using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS,” Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 362, 329-340(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Glassmeyer, S. T., Furlong, E. T., Kolpin, D. W., Cahill, J. D., Zaugg, S. D., Werner, S. L., Meyer, M. T., and Kryak, D. D., “Transport of Chemical and Microbial Compounds from Known Wastewater Discharges: Potential for Use as Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5157-5169(2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Benotti, M. J., Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., Holady, J. C., Stanford, B. D., and Snyder, S. A., “Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in U.S. Drinking Water,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 597-603(2009)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 KFDA ezdrug, available at http://ezdrug.kfda.go.kr/
16 Andreozzi, R., Battilotti, M., Campanella, L., Lyberatos, G., Garric, J., and Paxeus, N. “Ecotoxicological assessments and removal technologies for pharmaceuticals in wastewaters,” Challenges in Environmental Risk Assessment and Modelling, 12-16(2002)
17 Carballa, M., Omil, F., Lema, J. M., Llompart, M., Garcia-Jares, C., Rodr guez, I., G mez, M., and Ternes, T., “Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant,” Water Res., 38, 2918-2926(2004)   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kims online, available at http://www.kimsonline.co.kr/
19 Ellis, J. B., "Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in urban receiving waters,” Environ. Pollu., 144, 184-189 (2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Jjemba, P. K., “Excretion and ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the environment,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 63, 113-130(2006)   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
21 한국제약협회, “2007년 의약품등 생산실적표”, (2007)
22 Katzung, B. G., “Basic & clinical pharmacology,” McGraw-Hill Medical(2007)
23 Vanderford, B. J., and Snyder, S. A., “Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Water by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7312-7320(2006)   DOI   ScienceOn
24 김주형, 박찬구, 김민영, 안승구, “한강수계 상류지역의 동물용항생제 및 합성항균제 잔류실태 파악,” 한국환경분석학회지, 11(2), 109-118(2008b)
25 Tauxe-Wuersch, A., De Alencastro, L. F., Grandjean, D., and Tarradellas, J., “Occurrence of several acidic drugs in sewage treatment plants in Switzerland and risk assessment,” Water Res., 39, 1761-1772(2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Ternes, T. A., and Joss, A., “Human pharmaceuticals, hormones and fragrances: the challenge of micropollutants in urban water management,” IWA Publising (2006)
27 Kim, S. D., Cho, J., Kim, I. S., Vanderford, B. J., and Snyder, S. A., “Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters,” Water Res., 41, 1013-1021(2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., and Snyder, S. A., “Analytical Methods for Measuring Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals,” World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, American Society of Civil Engineers(2007)
29 Skadsen, J. M., Rice, B. L., and Meyering, D. J., “The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds in a municipal water use cycle: A case study in the city of Ann Arbor.” City of Ann Arbor: Water Utilities and Fleis & VandenBrink Engineering, Inc(2004)
30 국립환경과학원, “환경 중 의약물질 분석방법 연구 및 노출실태조사(II),” (2007)