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Removal of Ionic and Non-ionic Pharmaceuticals Using Granular Activated Carbon  

Oh, Hee-Kyong (Department of civil engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Kagawa, Chie (Department of civil engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Urase, Taro (Department of civil engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Simazaki, Dai (Department of water supply engineering, National Institute of Public Health)
Kunikane, Shoichi (Department of water supply engineering, National Institute of Public Health)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.28, no.11, 2006 , pp. 1192-1197 More about this Journal
Abstract
Adsorbability of ionic and nonionic pharmaceuticals was studied using granular activated carbon(GAC). In a batch adsorption test of muticomponent solution, 500 mg/L of GAC dose removed all target compounds between 94 and 98% at initial concentration of 10 ${\mu}g/L$. Adsorption of ionic pharmaceuticals increased as pH was lowered toward to pKa, however adsorption capacity of nonionic pharmaceuticals showed insignificant variation with the changing pH. The enhanced adsorption capacity of ionic pharmaceuticals at lower pH was attributed to the corresponding increase in the molecular form of ionic pharmaceuticals with carboxylic group at low pH. In addition, decrease of pH increased hydrogen ion concentration in the bulk solution and the protons bound to the available sites on the carbon enhanced the removal of the ionic pharmaceuticals from solution. After 40 days of continuous operation, GAC column showed the removal of target compounds were removed by $93{\sim}99%$ at 15 min of EBCT mainly due to adsorption mechanism of GAC. At shorter EBCT than 15 min, breakthrough of CA, IBP and GFZ occurred earlier than the other ionic and nonionic pharmaceuticals. effect of EBCT on adsorption of nonionic pharmaceuticals was greater than ionic ones. This study showed that persitent pharmaceuticals found in drinking water treatment could be effectively controlled by adsorption in GAC process.
Keywords
Adsorption; Granular Activated Carbon; GAC Column; Pharmaceutical;
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