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Reduction of Perchlorate and Nitrate by Citrobacter Amalonaticus Strain JB101 : Kinetics and the Applicability of MBR  

Hong, Jae-Wha (School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Inha University)
Jang, Myung-Su (School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Inha University)
Lee, Il-Su (School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Inha University)
Bae, Jae-Ho (School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Inha University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.27, no.12, 2005 , pp. 1298-1304 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of the competition between two electron acceptors, perchlorate and nitrate, with Citrobacter Amalonaticus strain JB101. In addition, the applicability of membrane bioreactor(MBR) for perchlorate removal was evaluated. The maximum growth rate of strain JB101 on perchlorate and nitrate are 0.27 and 0.58 $hr^{-1}$, and maximum substrate utilization rates were 35.1 mg $ClO_4^-/g$ protein-day and 45.6 mg $NO_3^-/g$ protein-day, respectively. Nitrate was a competitive inhibitor for perchlorate, and strain JB101 prefer nitrate to perchlorate as electron acceptor. Complete removal of perchlorate could be achieved up to the surface leading rate of 4.6 g $ClO_4^-/m^2-day$ with the MBR fed with 20 mg $ClO_4^-/L$(HCMBR). When 5 mg/L of nitrate was added to the same influent, perchlorate removal efficiency decreased to 96.5%, while nitrate was completely removed. For the MBR fed with 0.7 mg/L of perchlorate (LCMBR), the maximum perchlorate removal efficiency was 100% up to the loading rate of 0.23 g $ClO_4^-/m^2-day$. Membrane fouling was found to be a problem at high leading rate for both MBRs. The acetate consumption ratio per perchlorate was $13.7{\sim}51.7\;e^-eq./e^-eq.$ in LCMBR, while the value was $2.5{\sim}3.6\;e^-eq./e^-eq.$ in HCMBR. This difference could be related to the acetate consumption with oxygen as electron acceptor. Therefore, the amount of acetate addition must be determined considering the concentrations of other electron acceptors in the influent.
Keywords
Perchlorate; Nitrate; Membrane Bioreactor; Competitive Inhibitor; Acetate Consumption Ratio;
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