Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2017.030

Effects of Young Children's Shyness on Social Withdrawal of Young Children: Focusing on Moderating Effects of Teacher-Child Relationships  

Jo, Woo Ri (Department of Child Welfare, Chungbuk National University)
Shin, Nary (Department of Child Welfare, Chungbuk National University)
Publication Information
Human Ecology Research / v.55, no.4, 2017 , pp. 419-431 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study examined the effects of children's shyness and relationships with their teacher in regards to social withdrawal. Two questionnaires were conducted with mothers and teachers of 242 three to five-year-olds attending a childcare center in Sejong city. SPSS 18.0 was used to implement descriptive analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicated that main effects of lack of sociability and assertiveness as well as interaction effects between lack of assertiveness and intimate relationship on social withdraw were found when the childteacher relationship was intimate. The results suggested that intimate child-teacher relationships adjusted to lack of assertiveness in the child. Meanwhile, interaction effects between lack of sociability and lack of assertiveness and between self-consciousness and child-teacher conflictual relationship were found in child-teacher conflictual relationships. The results indicated that the influence on alleviating social withdrawal behavior of children with a high level of shyness was limited despite establishing a close relationship with a teacher. However, the social withdrawal behavior of children became more intense if they were in a conflict relationship with a teacher; this tendency was also shown more significantly in shier children. This suggests that children's unamicable relationship with a teacher may function as a risk factor to cause social withdrawal behavior. Therefore, it is important that a teacher has the capability to understand the individual characteristics of children, particularly shyness, and encourage their sociability of children through positive relationships.
Keywords
shyness; child-teacher relationships; social withdrawal;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kwon, Y. H. (2012). The moderating role of teacher-child conflictual relationship on child's negative emotionality and peer interaction. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 32 (2), 29-48.   DOI
2 Kwon, Y. H. (2013). Moderating and mediating the effects of a mother's rejective parenting on the relations among child's shyness, mother's perfectionism and peer victimization. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 18 (3), 287-307.
3 Kwon, Y. H. (2014). The moderating effect of teacher-child relationship on the relation between child's shyness and peer victimization. Journal of Korean Childcare and Education, 10 (5), 25-45. https://doi.org/10.14698/jkcce.2014.10.5.025
4 Ladd, G. W., & Burgess, K. B. (2001). Do relational risk and protective factors moderate the linkages between childhood aggression and early psychological and school adjustment? Child Development, 72 (5), 1579-1601. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00366   DOI
5 Leary, M. R. (1986). Affective and behavioral components of shyness. In W. H. Jones, J. M. Cheek, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Shyness: Perspectives on research and treatment (pp. 27-38). NY: Plenum Press.
6 Lee, H. K. (2016). Misunderstanding and truth of moderation, moderated mediation and mediated moderation. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 31 (2), 213-248.
7 Buss, A. H. (1986). A theory of shyness. In W. H. Jones, J. M. Cheek, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Shyness: Perspectives on research and treatment (pp. 39-46). New York: Plenum Press.
8 Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9 Cheek, J. M. (1983). The revised cheek and buss shyness scale (RCBS) . Unpublished manuscript, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA.
10 Achenbach, T. M. (1997). Caregiver-teacher report form for ages 2-5 . Burlington, VT: University Medical Education Associates.
11 Asendorpf, J. B. (1993). Abnormal shyness in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34 (7), 1069-1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01774.x   DOI
12 Cheek, J. M., & Melchior, L. A. (1990). Shyness, self-esteem, and self-consciousness. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (pp. 47-82). New York: Plenum Press.
13 Dan, H. K. (2011). Teacher's perception on the teacher-child relationships and children's peer competences. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 13 (2), 5-33.
14 Chen, X., Rubin, K. H., & Li, Z. Y. (1995). Social functioning and adjustment in Chinese children: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 31 (4), 531-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.531   DOI
15 Coplan, R. J., Prakash, K., O'Neil, K., & Armer, M. (2004). Do you 'want' to play? Distinguishing between conflicted shyness and social disinterest in early childhood. Developmental Psychology, 40 (2), 244-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.244   DOI
16 Crozier, W. R. (1995). Shyness and self-esteem in middle childhood. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 65 (1), 85-95. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1995.tb01133.x   DOI
17 Dan, H. K. (2012). Teacher-child relationships and children's language performance. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 14 (1), 5-33.
18 Davis, E. L., & Buss, K. A. (2012). Moderators of the relation between shyness and behavior with peers: Cortisol dysregulation and maternal emotion socialization. Social Development, 21 (4), 801-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00654.x   DOI
19 Evans, M. A. (2001). Shyness in the classroom and home. In W. R. Cozier & L. E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research, and interventions relating to the self and shyness (pp. 159-183). Westport, CT: Wiley.
20 Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47 (3-4), 313-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x   DOI
21 Gazelle, H., & Ladd, G. W. (2003). Anxious solitude and peer exclusion: A diathesis-stress model of internalizing trajectories in childhood. Child Development, 74 (1), 257-278. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/1467-8624.00534   DOI
22 Yang, M. J., & Bang, H. J. (2014). The relation among shyness, cognitive ability, maternal parenting behaviors, withdrawal and anxiety.depression: Moderation effect of maternal parenting behaviors. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 30 (4), 363-386.
23 Rudasill, K. M., & Rimm-Kaufman, S. E. (2009). Teacher-child relationship quality: The roles of child temperament and teacherchild interactions. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 24 (2), 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2008.12.003   DOI
24 Seo, Y. J., Doh, H. S., & Choi, M. K. (2006). Young children's social competence: Its relations with their shyness and maternal involvement in children's peer relations. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 24 (5), 239-249.
25 Shin, Y. L., & Yoon, S. J. (2009). A study on the effects of social behaviors, and preschool adjustment on teacher-child relationships: A comparison between teacher and child perceptions. Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education, 29 (5), 5-19.
26 Lee, Y. G. (2008). The relationship between shyness and selfperception among preschoolers (Unpublished master's thesis). Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
27 Silver, R. B., Measelle, J. R., Armstrong, J. M., & Essex, M. J. (2005). Trajectories of classroom externalizing behavior: Contributions of child characteristics, family characteristics, and the teacherchild relationship during the school transition. Journal of School Psychology, 43 (1), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2004.11.003   DOI
28 Sterba, S. K., Prinstein, M. J., & Cox, M. J. (2007). Trajectories of internalizing problems across childhood: Heterogeneity, external validity, and gender differences. Development and Psychopathology, 19 (2), 345-366. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407070174   DOI
29 Stormahak, E. A., Bierman, K. L., Bruschi, C., Dodeg, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1999). The relation between behavior problems and peer preference in different classroom context. Child Development, 70 (1), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00013   DOI
30 LoCasale-Crouch, J., Mashbum, A. J., Downer, J. T., & Pianta, R. C. (2008). Pre-kindergarten teacher's use of transition practices and children's adjustment to kindergarten. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23 (1), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecresq.2007.06.001   DOI
31 Myers, S. S., & Pianta, R. C. (2008). Developmental commentary: Individual and contextual influences on student-teacher relationships and children's early problem behaviors. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37 (3), 600-608. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/15374410802148160   DOI
32 O'Connor, E. E., Dearing, E., & Collins, B. A. (2011). Teacher-child relationship and behavior problem trajectories in elementary school. American Educational Research Journal, 48 (1), 120-162. https://doi. org/10.3102/0002831210365008   DOI
33 Oh, K. J., & Kim, Y. A. (2013). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms . Seoul: Huno.
34 Park, B. K. (2013). Relations among toddlers' temperament, maternal parenting, and social withdrawal and aggression. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 31 (6), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2013.31.6.67   DOI
35 Luby, J. L., Si, X., Belden, A. C., Tandon, M., & Spitznagel, E. (2009). Preschool depression: Homotypic continuity and course over 24 months. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66 (8), 897-905. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.97   DOI
36 Mantzicopoulos, P. (2005). Conflictual relationships between kindergarten children and their teachers: Associations with child and classroom context variables. Journal of School Psychology, 43 (5), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.09.004   DOI
37 Nelson, L. J., Rubin, K. H., & Fox, N. A. (2005). Social withdrawal, observed peer acceptance, and the development of self-perceptions in children ages 4 to 7 years. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 20 (2), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2005.04.007   DOI
38 No, J. H., & Kim, H. H. (2016). The mediating effects of young children's shyness on the relationship between teacher-children relationship and young children's social competence. The Korean Society of Community Living Science , 27(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2016.27.1.5   DOI
39 Lee, J. S. (2002). Relationship of children with their teachers and children's social competence. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 11 (2), 123-134.
40 Lee, S. A., & Hyun, E. J. (2010). Teacher-child relations: Interactions with children's peer-competence and self-regulation. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 31 (2), 1-15.
41 Pianta, R. C. (1991). Patterns of relationships between children and kindergarten teachers. Journal of school psychology, 32 (1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(94)90026-4   DOI
42 Park, J. S., Lim, S. H., & Park, S. Y. (2009). Effects of child's temperament, mother's parenting behavior, and child's emotion regulation on child aggression and social withdrawal. Korean Journal Child Studies, 30 (3), 85-98.
43 Park, R. G., & Kang, W. S. (2006). Emotional and behavioral character of low-income class children. Korean Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 1 (1), 1-23.
44 Park, S. Y. (2004). A study on relationships among child's temperament, self-concept, and relationships with teachers (Unpublished master's thesis). Ewha University, Seoul, Korea.
45 Pianta, R. C. (2015). Teacher-Child Relationship Scale. Retrieved April 13, 2017, from http://curry.virginia.edu/about/directory/robert-c.-pianta/measures
46 Pianta, R. C., La Paro, K. M., Payne, C., Cox, M. J., & Bradley, R. (2002). The relation of kindergarten classroom environment to teacher, family, and school characteristics and child outcomes. The Elementary School Journal , 102 (3), 225-238. http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/499701   DOI
47 Pianta, R. C., & Stuhlman, M. W. (2004). Teacher-child relationships and children's success in the first years of school. School Psychology Review, 33 (3), 444-458.
48 Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis . New York: The Guilford Press.
49 Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, P. C. (2001). Early teacher-child relationships and the trajectory children's school outcomes through eighth grade. Child Development, 72 (2), 625-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00301   DOI
50 Han, J. A. (2016). Effects of preschool children's temperament, emotional regulation and maternal coping behavior on genderspecific children's withdrawal behavior. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 25 (3), 281-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.3.281   DOI
51 Jerome, E. M., Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2008). Teacher-child relationships from kindergarten to sixth grade: Early childhood predictors of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness. Social Development, 18 (4), 915-945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00508.x   DOI
52 Kim, M. J. (2013). The relationship between teacher-child relationship perceived by teacher and social competence of young children. Korea Journal of Early Childhood Education, 15 (1), 137-163.
53 Koomen, H. M., Verschueren, K., van Schooten, E., Jak, S., & Pianta, R. C. (2012). Validating the student-teacher relationship scale: Testing factor structure and measurement invariance across child gender and age in a Dutch sample. Journal of School Psychology, 50 (2), 215-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2011.09.001   DOI
54 Kwon, Y. H. (2012). The effects of children's emotional regulation strategies and teacher-child relationships on children's social withdrawal. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 19 (4), 341-363.
55 Rubin, K. H., Colpan, R. J., Bowker, J. C., & Menzer, M. (2010). Social withdrawal and shyness. In P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart (Eds.), Handbook of childhood and social development (pp. 434-454). Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell.
56 Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The children's behavior questionnaire. Child Development, 72 (5), 1394-1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00355   DOI
57 Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., & Colpan, R. J. (2005). Social withdrawal and shyness. In P. K. Smith & C. H. Hart (Eds.), Handbook of childhood and social development (pp. 329-352). UK: Blackwell.
58 Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., Kennedy, A. E., & Stewart, S. L. (2003). Social withdrawal in childhood. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 372-406). New York: Guilford Press.