Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.641

A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research  

Kang, Hyuncheol (Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University)
Yeon, Kyupil (Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University)
Han, Sang-Tae (Department of Applied Statistics, Hoseo University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing / v.45, no.5, 2015 , pp. 641-649 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to introduce the main concepts of statistical testing and effect size and to provide researchers in nursing science with guidance on how to calculate the effect size for the statistical analysis methods mainly used in nursing. Methods: For t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis which are used frequently in nursing research, the generally accepted definitions of the effect size were explained. Results: Some formulae for calculating the effect size are described with several examples in nursing research. Furthermore, the authors present the required minimum sample size for each example utilizing G*Power 3 software that is the most widely used program for calculating sample size. Conclusion: It is noted that statistical significance testing and effect size measurement serve different purposes, and the reliance on only one side may be misleading. Some practical guidelines are recommended for combining statistical significance testing and effect size measure in order to make more balanced decisions in quantitative analyses.
Keywords
Effect size; Significance probability; Power of test; Statistical significance; Practical significance;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 8  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
2 American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author; 2001.
3 Im SH. A review on the statistical significance and statistical power analysis. The Journal of Education Studies. 2011;48(1):267-281.
4 Wang HJ, Kim IO. Effects of a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers at an advanced maternal age. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2015;45(3):337-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.337   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Thompson B. Foundations of behavioral statistics: An insightbased approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2006.
6 Sawyer AG, Peter JP. The significance of statistical significance tests in marketing research. Journal of Marketing Research. 1983;20(2):122-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151679   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Na WB, Park CW. A meta analysis on the effect sizes of marketing experiments in Korea. Korean Marketing Review. 2006;21(4):189-207.
8 Kwon SD. A review of the significance testing and effect size in empirical research. Journal of Educational Evaluation. 2005;18(2):1-16.   DOI
9 Peterson RA, Albaum G, Beltramini RF. A meta-analysis of effect sizes in consumer behavior experiments. Journal of Consumer Research. 1985;12(1):97-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209039   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Kang H. Analysis of statistical method applied in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing for recent 3 years (1999-2001). Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2002;32(6):929-935.   DOI
11 Cooper HM. On the significance of effects and the effects of significance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981;41(5):1013-1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.41.5.1013   DOI
12 Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods. 2007;39(2):175-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146   DOI
13 Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods. 2009;41(4):1149-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.4.1149   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Polit DF, Sherman RE. Statistical power in nursing research. Nursing Research. 1990;39(6):365-369.
15 Lee JW, Park MR, Lee JB, Lee SJ, Park ES, Park YJ. A review on the methods of sample size determination in nursing research. Journal of Korean Academy of Women's Health Nursing. 1998;4(3):375-387.
16 Ko JM, Lee JK. Effects of a coaching program on comprehensive lifestyle modification for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014;44(6):672-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.672   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Han ST, Kang H, Huh MH. PASW statistics: SPSS analysis of variance. Seoul: Hannare Publishing Co.; 2009.
18 Lee JA, Kweon YR. Factors affecting social competence in schoolaged children according to alcohol consumption by parents'. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014;44(5):495-503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.495   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Yoo SY. Development and effects of a simulation-based education program for newborn emergency care. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2013;43(4):468-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.468   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Park C, Song M, Cho B, Lim J, Song W, Chang H, et al. Effects of a multi-disciplinary approached, empowerment theory based self-management intervention in older adults with chronic illness. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2015;45(2):192-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.192   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Kang H, Han ST, Choi H. SPSS (PASW Statistics) introduction to data analysis. Paju: Freeacademy; 2010.
22 Lee H, Cho SH, Kim JH, Kim YK, Choo HI. Influence of self efficacy, social support and sense of community on health-related quality of life for middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2014;44(6):608-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.608   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Thompson WL. Null hypothesis testing: Problems, prevalence, and an alternative. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2000;64(4):912-923. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3803199   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Breaugh JA. Effect size estimation: Factors to consider and mistakes to avoid. Journal of Management. 2003;29(1):79-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(02)00221-0   DOI
25 Cohen J. The earth is round (p <.05). American Psychologist. 1994;49(12):997-1003.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Kim M. Quantitative methods in geography education research: Concept and application of effect size. The Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic and Environmental Education. 2011;19(2):205-220.   DOI
27 Lee EH. On the introduction and application of effect size for data analysis methods [master' thesis]. Asan: Hoseo University; 2014.
28 Kim CG, Cho MK. Effects on depression intervention programs of hemodialysis patients in Korea: Meta-analysis. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2012;14(5):2513-2528.
29 Jeon HR, Park JS. A meta-analysis about effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postoperative pain. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2012;14(2):851-865.
30 Jun JY. A meta-analysis of effects on the warming methods for postoperative patients. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2009;11(4):1819-1829.