Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209

Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)  

Lee, Younju (Department of Nursing, JEI University)
Lee, Mihyoung (Department of Nursing, Inha University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing / v.44, no.2, 2014 , pp. 209-218 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity. Results: WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of .91. Conclusions: WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.
Keywords
Workplace bullying; Nurses; Instrument development;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kang H. A guide on the use of factor analysis in the assessment of construct validity. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2013;43(5):587-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.587   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Waschgler K, Ruiz-Hernandez JA, Llor-Esteban B, Jimenez-Barbero JA. Vertical and lateral workplace bullying in nursing: Development of the hospital aggressive behaviour scale. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2013;28(12):2389-2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260513479027   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Lee YJ, Bernstein K, Lee M, Nokes KM. Bullying in nursing workplace: Applying evidence using a conceptual framework. Nursing Economic$. 2014. Forthcoming.
4 Lee Y. The conceptual development and development of new instruments to measure bullying in nursing workplace [dissertation]. Incheon: Inha University; 2014.
5 Park HS. Behavior and attitude on pilot Korean-DRG system among doctors and nurses [master's thesis]. Busan: Inje University; 2002.
6 Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research. 1986;35(6):382-385.
7 Williams B, Brown T, Onsman A. Exploratory factor analysis: A fivestep guide for novices. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2010;8(3):Article 990399.
8 Han SS, Lee SC. SPSS nursing and health statistical analysis. Seoul: Hyunmoon; 2006.
9 Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M, Gandek B. SF-36 health survey: Manual and institute. Boston, MA: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1993.
10 Cho YH, Hong YR, Lee AM, Kim MK, Lee HJ, Han AK, et al. Experience of verbal abuse, emotional response, and ways to deal with verbal abuse against nurses in hospital. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2011;20(3):270-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2011.20.3.270   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Lee SH, Chung SE. Nurses's experience of verbal violence in hospital setting. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2007; 13(4):526-536.
12 Johnson SL. International perspectives on workplace bullying among nurses: A review. International Nursing Review. 2009;56(1):34-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00679.x   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Han KS, Choi MY, Lee SJ. Experiences of job stress-coping in health care professionals. Korean Journal of Stress Research. 2013;21(2):131-139.
14 Hutchinson M, Wilkes L, Vickers M, Jackson D. The development and validation of a bullying inventory for the nursing workplace. Nurse Researcher. 2008;15(2):19-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2008.01.15.2.19.c6326   DOI
15 Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL. The concept of bullying and harassment at work: The European tradition. In: Einarsen S, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, editors. Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2011. p. 3-39.
16 Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC. Multivariate data analysis: With readings. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Macmillan Pulishing Company; 1992.
17 Abe K, Henly SJ. Bullying (ijime) among Japanese hospital nurses: Modeling responses to the revised negative acts questionnaire. Nursing Research. 2010;59(2):110-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181d1a709   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Berry PA, Gillespie GL, Gates D, Schafer J. Novice nurse productivity following workplace bullying. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2012;44(1):80-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01436.x   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Nam W, Kim JW, Kim YK, Koo JW, Park CY. The reliability and validity of the negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R) for nurses for the assessment of workplace bullying. Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2010;22(2):129-139.
20 Park KO, Kim SY, Kim JK. Hospital nurses' experience of bullying in the workplace and burnout, organizational commitment, turnover intention and nursing productivity. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research. 2013;19(2):169-180.
21 Pearson CM, Andersson LM, Porath CL. Workplace incivility. In: Fox S, Spector PE, editors. Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2004. p. 177-200.
22 Rutherford A, Rissel C. A survey of workplace bullying in a health sector organisation. Australian Health Review. 2004;28(1):65-72.   DOI
23 Lee Y, Lee M, Bernstein K. Effect of workplace bullying and job stress on turnover intention in hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2013;22(2):77-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2013.22.2.77   DOI
24 Vessey JA, Demarco R, DiFazio R. Bullying, harassment, and horizontal violence in the nursing workforce: The state of the science. Annual Review of Nursing Research. 2010;28:133-157.   DOI
25 Einarsen S, Hoel H, Notelaers G. Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the negative acts questionnaire-revised. Work and Stress. 2009;23(1):24-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Losa Iglesias ME, Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo R. Prevalence of bullying at work and its association with self-esteem scores in a Spanish nurse sample. Contemporary Nurse. 2012;42(1):2-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.2012.42.1.2   DOI
27 Jacobson KJL, Hood JN, Van Buren III HJ. Workplace bullying across cultures: A research agenda. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 2014;14(1):47-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595813494192   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Kim MS. Role of self-leadership in the relationship between organizational culture and informatics competency. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2009;39(5):731-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.731   DOI
29 Min S, Kim HS. Correlation between perception of nurses about transformational leadership and nursing performance. Korean Journal of Business Administration. 2005;18(2):871-885.
30 Seo YN, Leather P, Coyne I. South Korean culture and history: The implications for workplace bullying. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2012;17(5):419-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.05.003   DOI