Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.4.451

Effects of Breast Massage on Breast Pain, Breast-milk Sodium, and Newborn Suckling in Early Postpartum Mothers  

Ahn, Suk-Hee (College of Nursing, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Jin-Hee (Nursing, Graduate School, Chungnam National University)
Cho, Jung-Suk (Nursing, Graduate School, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing / v.41, no.4, 2011 , pp. 451-459 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: In this study the effects of breast massage on breast pain, breast-milk sodium, and newborn suckling in early postpartum mothers were investigated. Methods: The design was a non-synchronized nonequivalent control group pretest-post-test design. Sixty postpartum mothers who were admitted to a postpartum care center and had problems with breastfeeding were recruited. Of these mothers, 44 were assigned to the intervention group and received two 30-minute breast massages within 10 days of postpartum period. The others were assigned control group and received only routine care. Breast pain was measured using a numeric pain scale and number of times newborns suckled was observed throughout breastfeeding. Breast milk was self-collected to evaluate breast-milk sodium. Results: Mean age of postpartum mothers was 30 years old. Compared to the control group, women in the intervention group reported significant decreases in breast pain (p<.001), increases in number of times newborns suckled after the first and second massage (p<.001), and a decrease in breast-milk sodium after the first massage (p=.034). Conclusion: Breast massage may have effects on relieving breast pain, decreasing breast-milk sodium, and improving newborn suckling. Breast massage can be used to solve breast problems. Further research is needed to validate our findings.
Keywords
Breast feeding; Massage; Pain; Sodium; Sucking behavior;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Hill, P. D., & Aldag, J. C. (2007). Predictors of term infant feeding at week 12 postpartum. Journal of Perinatal Neonatal Nursing, 21, 250-255. doi: 10.1097/01.JPN.0000285816.44022.a3   DOI
2 Hossain, M., Haque, N. I., Siddiqui, A. B., & Bari, M. I. (2005). Activities of lactation management centre of Rajshahi. Journal of Teachers Association, 18, 189-192.
3 Humenick, S. S., Hill, P. D., Thompson, J., & Hart, A. M. (1998). Breast-milk sodium as a predictor of breastfeeding patterns. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 30(3), 67-81.
4 Cho, J. S. (2006). Eects of Oketani's breast massage on the breast discomfort, breast milk pH of mothers and the sucking speed of neonate. Unpublished master's thesis, Eulji University, Daejeon.
5 Eum, G. R., Sohn, H. S., & Kim, H. Y. (2007). Breastfeeding rate and related factors in Busan. Journal of Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health, 11, 78-85.   DOI
6 Park, S. O. (2004). The effects of a breastfeeding support program on the attitude and knowledge of breastfeeding, level of $Na^+$ within milk, and continued breastfeeding. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pusan National University, Busan.
7 Chan, S. M., Nelson, E. A., Leung, S. S., & Li, C. Y. (2000). Breastfeeding failure in a longitudinal postpartum maternal nutrition study in Hong Kong. Journal of Paediatric Child Health, 36, 466-471.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Chiu, J. Y., Gau, M. L., Kuo, S. Y., Chang, Y. H., Kuo, S. C., & Tu, H. C. (2010). Effects of Gua-Sha therapy on breast engorgement: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nursing Research, 18, 1-10. doi:10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181ce4f8e
9 Storr, G. B. (1988). Prevention of nipple tenderness and breast engorgement in the postpartal period. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 17, 203-209.   DOI
10 Walker, M. (2008). Conquering common breastfeeding problems. Journal of Perinatal Neonatal Nursing, 22, 267-274. doi:10.1097/01.JPN.0000341356.45446.23   DOI
11 Manganaro, R., Marseglia, L., Mamì, C., Palmara, A., Paolata, A., Loddo, S., et al. (2007). Breast milk sodium concentration, sodium intake and weight loss in breast-feeding newborn infants. British Journal of Nutrition, 97, 344-348. doi:10.1017/S0007114507280572   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Boensch, M., Oberthuer, A., Eifinger, F., & Roth, B. (2011). Life-threatening hypernatremic dehydration in a 7-week-old exclusively breastfed infant as a cause of a decline in breastmilk volume and parental language barriers in a North African family. Klinische Padiatrie, 223, 40-42. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1267931   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Ozbek, A., Kumral, A., Guvenir, T., Tas, F. V., Gencer, O., Duman, N., et al. (2008). Maternal psychosocial aspects in hypernatremic dehydration with high sodium concentrations in breast milk: A case-control study. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 44, 38-43. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01208.x
14 Oketani Lactation Management Association. (2004). Oketani lactation management: Japanese breast massage manual. Tokyo: Author.
15 Newton, E. R. (2004). Breastmilk: The gold standard. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 47, 632-642.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Neville, M. C., & Morton, J. (2001). Physiology and endocrine changes underlying human lactogenesis II. Journal of Nutrition, 131, 3005S-3008S.   DOI
17 Neville, M. C., Morton, J., & Umemura, S. (2001). Lactogenesis. The transition from pregnancy to lactation. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 48, 35-52.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Morton, J. A. (1995). Salty milk-when to worry. Western Journal of Medicine, 163, 488-489.
19 Neville, M. C. (2009). Introduction: Tight junctions and secretory activation in the mammary gland. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology & Neoplasia, 14, 269-270. doi:10.1007/s10911-009-9150-8   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Morton, J. A. (1994). The clinical usefulness of breast milk sodium in the assessment of lactogenesis. Pediatrics, 93, 802-806.
21 Mass, S. (2004). Breast pain: Engorgement, nipple pain and mastitis. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 47, 676-682.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Kim, Y. (2009). Effects of a breastfeeding empowerment program on exclusive breastfeeding. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 39, 279-287. doi:10.4040/jkan.2009.39.2.279   DOI
23 Kabir, N., & Tasnim, S. (2009). Oketani lactation management: A new method to augment breast milk. Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, 27, 155-159.
24 Lawrence, R. A., & Lawrence, R. M. (2005). Breastfeeding: A guide for the medical profession (6th ed.). St Louis, MO: Mosby.
25 Lee, S. O., Chung, E. S., Ahn, S. H., Moon, K. N., & Park, N. H. (2003). A study of predictors of breastfeeding. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing, 9, 368-375.
26 Lowdermilk, D., & Perry, S. (2007). Maternity & women's health care (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier.
27 Jang, G. J., Kim, S. H., & Jeong, K. S. (2008). Effect of postpartum breast-feeding support by nurse on the breast-feeding prevalence. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 38, 172-179.   DOI
28 Jeong, I. H., Kang, J. M., Min, D. Y., Son, S. K., & Eun, H. C. (2010). Medical dictionary. Seoul: Hyunmoon.
29 Kim, E. K. (2010). Physiology of lactation. Hanyang Medical Reviews, 30(1), 1-7.   DOI