Browse > Article

Effects of Walking Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Body Composition in Obese Middle School Girls  

Kim Young-Hae (Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Pusan National University)
Yang Young-Ok (Good Samsun Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing / v.35, no.5, 2005 , pp. 858-867 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study was done to determine the effects of walking exercise training(WET) on metabolic syndrome risk factors and body composition in obese middle school girls. Method: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Twenty seven subjects participated in this study from one women's middle school in Busan. The participants were purposely allocated to an experimental group (n=14) and a control group (n=13). The experimental group participated in 30-60 minutes of WET with 55 to $75\%$ of a maximal heart rate six days a week for 12 weeks. Results: The prevalence of individual risk factors on metabolic syndrome were improved in the experimental group after the intervention. The high waist circumference(WC), high triglyceride(TG), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), high blood pressure(BP) and high fasting glucose(FG) were 21.4, 21.4, 14.3, 28.6 and $7.2\%$, respectively. There were significant differences in WC (F=22.24, p<.001), TG (F=5.34, p=0.30), body weight(F=21.99, p<.001), fat mass(F=19.17, p<.001), and $\%$ body fat(F=17.93, p<.001) between the experimental and control group after the intervention. However, there were no significant differences in HDL-C, FG and BP between the experimental and control group after the intervention. Conclusion: These results indicate that WET is effective in decreasing risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and body composition components in obese middle school girls. These findings suggest that WET can be useful as a nursing intervention in the prevention of obesity-related disorders in obese adolescents.
Keywords
Metabolic syndrome; Obese; Exercise; Serum lipids; Body composition;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cruz, M. L., Weigensberg, M. J., Huang, T. T., Ball, G., Shaibi G. Q., & Goran, M. I. (2004). The metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth and the role of insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89(1), 108-113   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Duncan, G. E., Li, S. M., & Zhou, X. H. (2004). Prevalence and trends of a metabolic syndrome phenotype among u.s. Adolescents, 1999-2000. Diabetes Care, 27(10), 2438-2443
3 Fernandez, J. R., Redden, D. T., Pietrobelli, A., Allison, D. B. (2004). Waist circumference percentiles in nationally representative samples of African-American, European-American, and Mexican-American children and adolescents. J. Pediatr, 145(4), 439-444   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among DS adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA, 287, 356-359   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Kim, H. S., & Cho, J. H. (2002). Comparison of four methods utilized to determine the body composition of children and adolescents. Proceedings of the 26th symposium on human-environment system, 49-52
6 Torok, K., Szelenyi, Z., Porszasz, J., & Molnar, D. (2001). Low physical performance in obese adolescent boys with metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25(7), 966-970   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E. H.; Field, A. E., Colditz, G., & Dietz, W. H. (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA, 282(16), 1523-1529   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Gudat, U., Bungert, S., Kemmer, F., & Heinemann, L. (1998). The blood glucose lowering effects of exercise and glibenclamide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med, 15(3), 194-198   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Korean Pediatrics Society. (1999). Standard growth charts of Korean children and adolescents in 1998
10 Deedwania, P. C. (2004). Metabolic syndrome and vascular disease: is nature or nurture leading the new epidemic of cardiovascular disease? Circulation, 109(1), 2-4   DOI   PUBMED
11 World Health Organization (1997). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. World Health Organization, Geneva
12 Park, H. S., Oh, S. W., Kang, J. H., Park, Y. W., Choi, J. M., & Kim, Y. S et al. (2003). Prevalence and Associated Factors with Metabolic Syndrome in South Korea: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1998. Korean Society for Study of Obesity, 12(1), 1-14
13 Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1969). Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child, 44(235), 291-303   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. (2001). Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults(Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA, 285, 2486-2497   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
15 Freedman, D. S., Srinivasan, S. R., Burke, G. L., Shear, C. L., Smoak, C. G., Harsha, D. W., Webber, L. S., Berenson, G. S. (1987). Relation of body fat distribution to hyperinsulinemia in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 46(3), 403-410   PUBMED
16 Cook, S., Weitzman, M., Auinger, P., Nguyen, M., & Dietz, W. H. (2003). Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch. Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157(8), 821-827
17 Katzmarzyk, P. T., Perusse, L., Malina, R. M., Bergeron, J., Despres, J. P., Bouchard, C. (2001). Stability of indicators of the metabolic syndrome from childhood and adolescence to young adulthood: the Quebec Family Study. J Clin. Epidemiol. 54(2), 190-195   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kang, H. S., Gutin, B., Barbeau, P., Litaker, M. S., Allison, J., & Le, N. A. (2002). Physical training improves insulin resistance syndrome markers in obese adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34(12), 1920-1927   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Katzmarzyk, P. T., Leon, A. S., Wilmore, J. H., Skinner, J. S., Rao, D. C., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2003) Targeting the metabolic syndrome with exercise: evidence from the HERITAGE Family Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35(10), 1703-1709
20 Park, H. S., Sim, S. J., & Park, J. Y. (2004). Effect of weight reduction on metabolic syndrome in Korean obese patients. J Korean Med Sci, 19(2), 202-208   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
21 Watkins, L. L., Sherwood, A., Feinglos, M., Hinderliter, A., Babyak, M., Gullette, E., Waugh, R., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2003). Effects of exercise and weight loss on cardiac risk factors associated with syndrome X. Arch Intern Med, 163(16), 1889-1895   DOI   ScienceOn
22 American College of Sports Medicine. (2000). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
23 Seip, R. L., Semenkovich, C. F. (1998). Skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase: molecular regulation and physiological effects in relation to exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 26, 191-218   PUBMED
24 Ferguson M. A., Gutin B., Le, N.A., Karp, W., Litaker, M., Humphries, M., Okuyama, T., Riggs, S., & Owens, S. (1999). Effects of exercise training and its cessation on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23(8), 889-895   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Kim, H. S. (2003). Effects of unsupervised walking exercise programs on serum lipid profiles in mildly Obese Women. Exercise Science, 12(3), 483-494
26 Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H. M., Salonen, J. T., Niskanen, L. K., Rauramaa, R., & Lakka, T. A. (2002). Low levels of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness predict development of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 25(9), 1612-1618   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Park, S. G., Kim, E. H. (2003). The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Abdominal Fat and Leptin in Obese Adolescents. Korean Society for Study of Obesity, 12(3), 17-182
28 Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., Buchner. D., Ettinger, W., Heath, G. W., & King, A. C., et al,. (1995). Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA, 273(5), 402-407   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Morris, J. N., Hardman, A. E. (1997). Walking to health. Sports, Med, 23(5), 306-332   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Davison, R. C; Grant, S. (1993). Is walking sufficient exercise for health? Sports Med, 16(6), 369-373   DOI   ScienceOn