Browse > Article

The Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Stress and Depression and Depression among Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia  

이해정 (부산대 간호학과)
서지민 (부산대 간호학과)
안숙희 (부산대 간호학과)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing / v.33, no.6, 2003 , pp. 713-721 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study was to determine the mediator or moderator role of social support in the relationship between stress and depression among family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Method: Sixty nine family caregivers were randomly selected from health care centers in P city and a face-to-face interview was conducted using questionnaires from January to May of 2002. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS program. Result: Family caregivers of older adults with higher dependency in ADLs and higher problematic behaviors, provided care to the older adults for a longer period of time, and perceived less social support reported higher depression. Social support showed mediating effects between stress and depression, while did not show moderating effects. Elderly dependency on ADLs and caregiving duration decreased perceived social support and decreased social support increased depression. Conclusion: To increase family and social support to the caregivers of more functionally impaired elderly, family education to increase emotional support and physical assistance to the caregivers and broader and flexible application of social support such as increasing accessibility to the elderly daycare service with lower price may prove beneficial.
Keywords
Caregivers; Depression; Social support;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bennett, J. A. (2000). Mediator and moderator variables in nursing research: Conceptual and statistical differences. Res Nurs Health, 23, 415-420   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
2 Gallant, M. P., & Connell, C. M. (1998). The stress process among dementia spouse caregivers. Res Aging, 20(3), 267-297
3 Kim, Y. J., & Lee, P. S. (1999). A study on the burdens and depressive reactions on families who cared for patients suffering from senile dementia. J Korean Acad Nurs, 29(4), 766-779
4 Lee, E. H., & Kim, J. S. (2000). Major effect models of social support and its statistical methods in korean nursing research. J Korean Acad Nurs, 30(6), 1503-1520
5 Liberman, M. A. (1986). Social supports-The consequences of psychologizing: A commentary. J Consult Clin Psychol, 54(4), 461-465
6 Oh, K. S., & Han, J. S. (1990). Stressful life events, health symptoms, social support and coping/in early adolescents. J Korean Acad Nurs, 20(3), 414-429
7 Yarcheski, A., & Mahon, N. E. (1999). The moderatormediator role of social support in early adolescents. West J Nurs Res, 21(5), 685-698
8 Yates, M. E., Tennstedt, S., & Chang, B. H. (1999). Contributors to and mediators of psychological well-being for informal caregivers. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 54, P12-22
9 Grant, J. S., Elliott, T. R., Giger, J. N., & Bartolucci, A. A. (2001). Social problem-solving abilities, social support, and adjustment among family caregivers of individuals with a sroke. Rehabil Psychol, 46(1), 44-57
10 Kwon, J. D. (1994). Measuring the caregiver burden of caring for the demented elderly. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Yonsei, Seoul, Korea
11 Hannappel, M., Calsyn, R. J., & Allen, G. (1993). Does social support alleviate the depression of caregivers of demented patients? J Gerontal Soc Work, 20(1/2), 35-51
12 Miller, B., Townsend, A., Carpenter, E., Montgomery, R. V. J., Stull, D., & Young, R. F. (2001). Social support and caregiver distress: A replication analysis. J Gerontolgy: Soc Sci, 56B, S249-256
13 Quittner, A. L., Gleckauf, R. L., & Jackson, D. N. (1990). Chronic parenting stress: moderating versus mediating effects of social support, J Pers Soc Psychol, 59(6), 1266-1278   DOI   PUBMED
14 Pruchno, R. A., & Resch, N. L. (1989). Mental health of caregiving spouses: Coping as mediator, moderator, or main effect? Psychol Aging, 4, 454-463   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Thompson, E. H. Jr., Futterman, A. M., Gallagher-Thompson, D., Rose, J. M., & Lovett, S. V. (1993). Social support and caregiving burden in family caregivers of frail elders. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 48, S245-S254
16 Lee, H. J., Kim, Y. S., Kim, K. R., Kim, J. S., & Seo, J. M. (2002). Predictors of depression among family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Paper presented at 2002 Fall Conference of Korean Academy of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
17 Lee, Y. J., & Kim, T. H. (1999). A study on the buffering effect of social support on the stress of the elderly who lives alone. J Korean Grontol Soc, 19(3), 79-93
18 Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research on the general population. Applied Psychol Measurement, 1, 385-401   DOI
19 Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderatormedicator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration. J Pers Soc Psychol, 51, 1173-1182   DOI   PUBMED
20 Lee, H. J., & Song, R. Y. (2000). Coping strategies utilized in the caregiveng situation and predictors of health responses among informal caregivers of older adults. J Korean Acad Nurs, 30(4), 893-904
21 Haley, W. E., Levine. E. G., Brown, S. L., Berry, J. W., & Hughes, G. H. (1987). Psychological, social, and health consequences of caring for a relative with senile dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc, 35, 405-411
22 Son, G. W. (1998). The predictors of burden and satisfaction among Korean caregivers of elders with dementia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
23 S:oller, E. P., & Pugliesi, K. L. (1988). Informal networks of community-based elderly. Res Aging, 10, 499-516   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Katz, S., Downs, T. D., Cash, H. R., & Gratz, R. C. (1970). Progress in the development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist, 1, 20-30
25 Choi, H. K. (1992). The process of caregiving stress among Korean caregiving for elderly. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Connel University as Graduate School, New York, USA
26 Vedhara, K., Shanks, N., Anderson, S., & Lightman, S. (2000). The role of stressors and psychological variables in the stress process: A study of chronic caregiver stress. Psychosom Med, 62, 374-385
27 Hair, H. F., Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis (4th Ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
28 Haley, W. E., Roth, D. L., Coleton, M. I., Ford, G. R., West, A. C., Collins, R. P., & Isobe, T. L. (1996). Appraisal, coping, and social support as mediators of well-being in black and white family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Consult Clin Psychol, 64(1), 121-129
29 Kim, Y. E. (2000). Effect of stress management training on the primary care- givers of dementia patients. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Seoul Women's, Seoul, Korea
30 Miller, B., & McFall, S. (1991). The effect of caregiver's burden on change in frail older persons' use of formal helpers. J of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 165-179   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Ko, A. S. (2001). A study on home welfare policy for old people with dementia.. Unpublished masters's thesis, University of Honam, Kwang Ju, Jean Nam, Korea
32 Kang, Y. S. (2000). A study on disturbing behaviors of demented elderly staying at home. J Korean Community Nurs, 11(2), 453-469