Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2015.39.9.727

Emission Reduction Characteristics of Three-way Catalyst with Engine Operating Condition Change in an Ultra-lean Gasoline Direct Injection Engine  

Park, Cheol Woong (Environmental System Research Division / Engine Research Team, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials)
Lee, Sun Youp (Environmental System Research Division / Engine Research Team, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials)
Yi, Ui Hyung (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon Univ.)
Lee, Jang Hee (Environmental System Research Division / Engine Research Team, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials)
Publication Information
Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B / v.39, no.9, 2015 , pp. 727-734 More about this Journal
Abstract
Recently, because of the increased oil prices globally, there have been studies investigating the improvement of fuel-conversion efficiency in internal combustion engines. The improvements realized in thermal efficiency using lean combustion are essential because they enable us to realize higher thermal efficiency in gasoline engines because lean combustion leads to an increase in the heat-capacity ratio and a reduction of the combustion temperature. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines enable lean combustion by injecting fuel directly into the cylinder and controlling the combustion parameters precisely. However, the extension of the flammability limit and the stabilization of lean combustion are required for the commercialization of GDI engines. The reduction characteristics of three-way catalysts (TWC) for lean combustion engines are somewhat limited owing to the high excess air ratio and low exhaust gas temperature. Therefore, in the present study, we assess the reaction of exhaust gases and their production in terms of the development of efficient TWCs for lean-burn GDI engines at 2000 rpm / BMEP 2 bar operating conditions, which are frequently used when evaluating the fuel consumption in passenger vehicles. At the lean-combustion operating point, $NO_2$ was produced during combustion and the ratio of $NO_2$ increased, while that of $N_2O$ decreased as the excess air ratio increased.
Keywords
GDI; TWC; Lean Combustion; Excess Air Ratio;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Baek, K. H., Yoo, S. Y., Bae, G. S., Woo, M. S. and Kim, W. G., 2010, "A Study on Regeneration Strategies of Cordierite-DPF Applied to a Diesel Vehicle," 2010 KSAE Annual Conference and Exhibitions, pp. 833-840.
2 Prigent, M. and Soete, G. De, 1989, "Nitrous Oxide $N_2O$ in Engine Exhaust Gases-A Frist Appraisal of Catalyst Impact," SAE Technical paper, 890492.
3 Torres, J. Q., Royer, S., Bellat, J. P., Giraudon, J. M. and Lamonier, J. F., 2013, "Formaldehyde: Catalytic Oxidation as a Promising Soft Way of Elimination," Che. Sus. Chem. Vol. 6, pp. 578-592.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Kwon, D. W., Seo, P. W., Kim, G. J. and Hong, S. C., 2015, "Characteristics of the HCHO Oxidation Reaction over Pt/$TiO_2$ Catalysts at Room Temperature: The Effect of Relative Humidity on Catalytic Activity," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 163, pp.436-443.   DOI
5 Choi, B. C., "Characteristics of Formaldehyde and $N_2O$ Formation from Catalytic Reaction of Methane," Trans. Korean Soc. Auto. Eng., Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 95-101.
6 Burch, R., Daniells, S. T. and Hu, P., 2002, "$N_2O$ and $NO_2$ Formation on Pt(111): A Density Functional Theory Study," The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 117, pp. 2902-2908.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 'A-Centeno, I. M. and Fuentes, G. A., 2009, "Nitrous Oxide Formation During Light-Off Over a Commercial Pd-Containing Three-Way Catalytic Converter: The Effect of Low-Sulfur Gasoline," Chem. Eng. Comm., Vol. 196, pp. 1140-1151.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Perez, V. R., 2013, "Optimizatio of N2O Decomposition RhOx/ceria Catalysts and Design of a High N2-selective deNOx System for Diesel Vehicles," Ph.D Thesis, Universidad de Alicante.
9 Zhang, C. B. and He H., 2007, "A Comparative Study of TiO2 Supported Noble Metal Catalysts for the Oxidation of Formaldehyde at Room Temperature," Catalysis Today, Vol. 126, pp. 345-350.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 European Commission, 2013, "Climate Action: Building a World We Like, with a Climate We Like," Luxembourg, Publications Office.
11 United Nations, 2013, "United Nations Global Compact International Yearbook 2013," United Nations Pubns.
12 Alkiad, A. C. and Eltary, S. H., 2003, "Contributors to the Fuel Economy Advantage of DISI Engines Over PFI Engines," SAE Technical paper, 2003-01-3101.
13 Lee, J., Kang, J. and Kim, D., 2003, "Effect of Injection Timing and Intake Flow on In-cylinder Fuel Behavior in a GDI Engine," Trans. Korean Soc. Auto. Eng., Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 7-13.
14 Szekely, G. A. and Alkiads, A. C., 2005, "Combustion Characteristics of a Spray-Guided Direct Injection Stratified-Charge Engine with a High Squish Piston," SAE Technical paper, 2005-01-1937.
15 Choi, B. C., 2001, "Technologies for Emission Aftertreatment," Baro Press Co., pp. 351-352.
16 Borgan, M. S., Brisley, R. J., Walker, A. P., Webster, D. E., Boegner, W., Fekete, N. P., Kramer, M., Krutzsch, B. and Voigtlander, D., 1995, "Evaluation of NOx Storage Catalysts as an Effective System for NOx Removal from the Exhaust Gas of Leanburn Gasoline Engine," SAE Technical paper, 952490.
17 Lee, C. H., Choi, B. C. and Juhng, W. N., 2004, "Comparison of NOx Reduction Characteristics of NOx Adsorption Catalyst with TWC for Lean-burn Natural Gas Vehicles," 2004 KSAE Spring Conference, pp. 579-584.
18 Piock, W. F., Weyand, P., Wolf, E. and Heise, V., 2010, "Ignition Systems for Spray-Guided Stratified Combustion," SAE Technical paper, 2010-10-0598.
19 Husted, H. L., Piock, W. and Ramsay, G., 2009, "Fuel Efficiency Improvements from Lean, Stratified Combustion with a Solenoid Injector," SAE Technical paper, 2009-10-1485.