Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2008.32.8.604

Detailed Analysis of NO Formation Routes with Strain Rate in H2/Air Nonpremixed Flames  

Kim, Jong-Hyun ((주)화성테크윈)
Hwang, Cheol-Hong (인하대학교 기계공학부)
Lee, Chang-Eon (인하대학교 기계공학과)
Publication Information
Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B / v.32, no.8, 2008 , pp. 604-611 More about this Journal
Abstract
Detailed analysis of NO formation routes and its contributions with strain rate in hydrogen/air flames were numerically investigated. LiG detailed reaction mechanism has been used for calculation, which is compared with experimental data in literature. It shows good agreement with experiment for both temperature and NO mole fraction. Three routes have been found important for NO formation in hydrogen flames. These are the Thermal route, NNH route and $N_2O$ route. Strain rate were varied to discuss the $EI_{NO}$ reduction trend in hydrogen nonpremixed flames, which are analyzed by each NO formation routes. As a result, as the strain rate increase, $EI_{NO}$ decrease sharply until strain rate $100s^{-1}$ and decrease slowly until strain rate $310s^{-1}$ again, after that $EI_{NO}$ keeps nearly constant. It can be identified that $EI_{NO}$ trend with the strain rate is well explained by a combination of variation of production rate of above Thermal, NNH and $N_2O$ route. Also result of Thermal-Mech. that includes only thermal NO reaction is compared with those of Full-Mech. As a result, It can be identified that there was difference between the two results of calculation. It is attributed to result that Thermal-mech did not consider contributions of NNH and $N_2O$ route. From these result, we can conclude that NOx emission characteristics of hydrogen nonpremixed flames should consider contributions of above three routes simultaneously.
Keywords
Hydrogen; NOx; Nonpremixed Flame; Counterflow Flame;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lutz, A. E., Kee, R. J., Grcar, J. F. and Rupley, F. M.,1997, “OPPDIF: A Fortran Program for Computing Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flames,” SAND 96-8243
2 Kee, R. J., Rupley, F. M. and Miller, J. A., 1989, “Chemkin-Ⅱ: A Fortran Chemical Kinetics Package for the Analysis of Gas Phase Chemical Kinetics,” SAND89-8009B
3 Kee, R. J., Dixon-Lewis, Warnatz, G. J., Coltrin, M. E. and Miller, J. A., 1994, “A Fortran Computer Code Package for the Evaluation of Gas-Phase Multi-Component Transport,” SAND86-8246
4 Rortveit, G, J., Hustad, J. E., Li, S. C., Williams , F. A., 2002, “Effects of Diluents on NOx Formation in Hydrogen Counterflow Flames”, Combustion and Flames, Vol. 130, pp. 48-61   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Chen, R. H., Driscoll, J. F., 1990, “Nitric Oxide Levels of Jet Diffusion Flames : Effects of Coaxial Air and Other Mixing Parameters,” Proc. Combust Inst, Vol. 23, pp.281-8
6 Lee, C. E., Hwang, C. H., Lee, S. R., 2007, “The Effect of Turbulence Intensity of Ambient Air Flow on NOx Emissions in H2/air Nonpremixed Jet Flames,” Proc. Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy
7 Haworth, N. L., Mackie, J. C., Bacskay, G. B., 2003, “An Ab Initio Quantum Chemical and Kinetic Study of the NNH+O Reaction Potential Energy Surface: How Important is This Route to NO in Combustion?,” J Phys Chem A, Vol. 107, pp. 6792-803   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Kee, R. J., Miller, J. A., Evans, G. H. and Dixon-Lewis, G., 1988, “A Computational Model of the Structure and Extinction of Strained, Opposed Flow, Premixed Methane-Air Flame,” Proc. Combustion Inst., Vol. 22, pp. 1479-1494
9 Lutz, R. J., Dixon-Lewis, G., Warnatz, J., Coltrin, M. E. and Miller, J. A., 1994, “A Fortran Program for Computing Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flames,” SAND 96-8243
10 Tien, C. L., 1968, "Thermal Radiation Properties of Gases", Advances in Heat Transfer, Vol. 5, pp. 253-32
11 Turanyi, T., Kinalc Homepage, http://www.chem-.leeds.ac.uk/Combustion/kinalc.html
12 Ju, Y., Guo, H., Maruta, K. and Liu, F., 1997, “On the Extinction Limit and Flammability Limit of Nonadiabatic Stretched Methane-Air Premixed Flames,” J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 342, pp. 315-334   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Martin, S., Kjell, E.R., 2007, “A study of NOx Formation in Hydrogen Flames,” International J of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, pp. 3572-585   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Li, J., Zhao, Z., Kazakov, A., Dryer FL, 2004, “An Updated Comprehensive Kinetic Model of Hydrogen,” Int J Chem Kinet Vol. 36, pp. 566-75   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Takeno, T. and Nishioka, M., 1993, “Species Conservation and Emission Indices for Flames Described by Similarity Solutions,” Comb. Flame, Vol. 92, pp. 465-448   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Drake, M. C., Blint, R. J., 1991, “Relative Importance of Nitric Oxide Formation Mechanisms in Laminar Opposed-flow Diffusion Flames,” Combust Flame, Vol. 83, pp.185-203   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Peters, N., Donnerhack, S., 1981, “Structure and Similarity of Nitric Oxide Production in Turbulent Diffusion Flames,” Proc Combust Inst, Vol. 18, pp. 33-42
18 Bozzelli, J. W., Dean, A. M., 1995, “O+NNH : a Possible New Route for NOx Formation in Flames,” Int J Chem Kinet, Vol. 27, pp. 1097-109   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Konnov, A. A., De Ruyck, J., 2001, “Temperaturedependent Rate Constant for the Reaction NNH+O$\rightarrow$ NH+,” Combust Flame, Vol. 125, pp. 1258-64   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Glaborg, P., Alzueta, M.U., Dam-Johansen, K., Miller, J.A., 1998, “Kenitic Modeling of Hydrocarbon/nitric Oxide Interactions in a Flow Reactor,” Combust Flame Vol. 115, pp. 1-27   DOI   ScienceOn