The Netherlands Spatial Development for Port Area in City-Region Focusing on the Case of Kop van Zuid in Rotterdam

The Netherlands is a human-made country and an extremely well-designed European country as well. The general Dutch spatial planning for the city and environment takes place at a regional level. The local community determines the primary development conditions, and the prospect is included in a legally binding land-use plan. Especially, Rotterdam is a representative port city as the center of world trade and the gateway to western Europe. According to the history of war, the city reconstruction and the movement of the port area have led to a general change in Rotterdam and the regional redevelopment project on the southern port area of Mass river for the expansion of city functions and the balanced development. The research purpose is to understand the spatial development of the Netherlands city-region based on the analysis regarding the Kop van Zuid project, which is a representative implemented case in Rotterdam. The theoretical framework is the five dimensions and twelve indicators of territorial governance from the TANGO research project by the EU. The target case is assessed by planning and social aspect, respectively, and the results are discussed based on the theoretical framework. This research has the possibility to be utilized as advanced research by the European perspective for spatial development in other city-regions with the port area, such as Incheon and Busan in Korea.