Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2018.34.4.123

From Progressiveness to Exclusiveness - Appearance and Evolution of the U.S. Zoning System -  

Kim, Heungsoon (Department of Urban Planning & Engineering, Hanyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design / v.34, no.4, 2018 , pp. 123-131 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study discusses that the US zoning system came from "progressive movement" in the early 20th century. The US progressive movement was closely related with the scientific management movement in terms of efficiency. In that context, the ontological significance of zoning is found in realizing public interests by blocking external effects based on the value-neutral expertise. Another aspect of the US zoning system is the political one. It is closely related to progressive movement in common with efficiency. The zoning system was introduced as a measure to prevent the racial and class mixture resulting from the influx of immigrants. Today, the racial aspect of zoning is succeeded to exclusionary zoning. This study examines the fact that exclusive interests of US mainstream society have served as more important background than the fundamental aspect preventing external effects in the introduction and evolution of the zoning system.
Keywords
Zoning System of the US; Progressive Movement; Exclusionary Zoning;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Babcock, R. (1966). The Zoning Game, Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press.
2 Babcock, R. & Bosselman, F. (1973). Exclusionary Zoning: Land Use Regulation and Housing in the 1970s, New York, Praeger Publishers.
3 Barnett, J. (2008). Redesigning Cities: Principles, Practice, Implementation, Washington D.C., APA Planners Press.
4 Benson, B. (2008). How land-use planning benefits big business over small, Published by Foundation for Economic Education, May 1.
5 Cervero, R. (1996). Jobs-housing balance revisited, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(4), 492-511.   DOI
6 Cho, J. (2004a). A study on the relationship between SZEA and SPEA in American planning system, Journal of the Korea Planners Association, 39(1), 7-19.
7 Cho, J. (2004b). Appearance and advancement of the US zoning system, In Urban Planning History, Edited by Korea Planners Association, Seoul, Bo Sung Gak.
8 Clingermayer, J. (1993). Distributive politics, ward representation, and the spread of zoning, Public Choice, 77, 725-738.   DOI
9 Choe, B. (2011). A comparative study on urban planning system of England, Germany and the USA, The Korea Spatial Planning Review, 71, 133-148.   DOI
10 Claeys, E.R. (2004). Euclid lives? The uneasy legacy of Progressivism in zoning, Fordham Law Review, 73(2), 731-770.
11 Cullingworth, B. (2003). Planning in the USA, 2nd Edition, New York, Routledge.
12 Feagin, J. (1989). Arenas of conflict - Zoning and land use reform in critical economic perspective, In Zoning and the American Dream, Edited by Haar, C. & Kayden J. Chicago, Planners Press.
13 Fischel, W. (1985). The Economics of Zoning Laws: A Property Rights Approach to American Land Use Controls, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
14 Goldberg, J. (2008). Liberal Fascism, New York, Doubleday.
15 Gyourko, J., Saiz, A. & Summers, A. (2008). A new measure of the local regulatory environment for housing markets - The Wharton residential land use regulatory index, Urban Studies, 45(3), 693-729   DOI
16 Haar, C.M. & Wolf, M.A. (2002). Euclid lives - The survival of progressive jurisprudence, Harvard Law Review, 115, 2158.   DOI
17 Hall, P. (1990). Cities of Tomorrow, Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
18 Keyssar, A. (2009). The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books
19 Hogan, J.M. (2003). Rhetoric and Rreform in the Progressive Era. East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Press.
20 Ihlanfeldt, K. (2004). Exclusionary land-use regulations within suburban communities - A review of evidence and policy prescriptions, Urban Studies, 41(2), 261-283.   DOI
21 Kim, C. (2006). Land Is a Private Property!, Seoul, Nanam.
22 Kim, J. & Jung, J. (2007). A comparative study on the land use systems of Korea and the US with a focus on property rights under the constitution, Journal of the Korea Planners Association, 42(4), 7-28.
23 Kim, K. (1998). Introduction to Public Administration, Seoul, Bobmunsa
24 Kim, S. (2014). A study on the land use regulation in the U.S. - Focusing on zoning system and zoning permits, Seoul Law Review, 22(1), 77-104.   DOI
25 Kim, S., Kim, S. & Kim, D. (2013). The problems and improvements of land use regulation in Korea, The Korea Spatial Planning Review, 78, 91-104.   DOI
26 Kim, J., Potter, C. & Jung, H. (2013). Characteristics of and lessons from New York City's commercial district zoning, Urban Design, 15(6), 141-155.
27 King, P. (1978). Exclusionary zoning and open housing: A brief judicial history, Geographical Review, 68(4): 459-469.   DOI
28 Lee, J. (1985), A review of urban land use regulation, Urban Issues, 20(9), 8-22.
29 Malpezzi, S. (1996). Housing prices, externalities, and regulation in U.S. metropolitan areas, Journal of Housing Research, 7(2), 209-241.
30 Levy, J. (2016). Contemporary Urban Planning, 11th Edition, New York, Routledge.
31 Nugent, W. (2010). Progressivism - A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
32 Park, J. (2006). Building History of the White Country, Seoul, Alpi.
33 Silver, C. (1997). The Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
34 Pendall, R. (2000). Local land use regulation and the chain of exclusion. Journal of the American Planning Association, 66(2), 125-142.   DOI
35 Perman, M. (2001). Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press.
36 Seigan, B. (1990). Land use regulations should preserve - Only vital and pressing government interests, Cato Journal, 10(1), 127-158.
37 Smith, K.B. (2011). Governing States and Localities, Washington, D.C., CQ Press
38 Staley, S. (2012). The progressive roots of zoning, Published by Foundation for Economic Education, March 28.
39 Staley, S. & Scarlett, L. (1998). Market-oriented planning - Principles and tools for the 21st century, Planning and Markets, 1(1), http://www-pam.usc.edu/volume1/v1i1a5s1.html#staley_contents.
40 Tretter, E.M. (2012). Austin Restricted: Progressivism, Zoning, Private Racial Covenants, and the Making of a Segregated City, The Institute for Urban Policy Research and Analysis, the University of Texas at Austin, TX.