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http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2021.04511

The impact of COVID-19 on the male genital tract: A qualitative literature review of sexual transmission and fertility implications  

Verrienti, Pierangelo (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Cito, Gianmartin (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Maida, Fabrizio Di (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Tellini, Riccardo (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Cocci, Andrea (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Minervini, Andrea (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Natali, Alessandro (Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine / v.49, no.1, 2022 , pp. 9-15 More about this Journal
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) appears to be widely expressed in cells in the testes, predominantly in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, and its co-expression with transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For this reason, the male reproductive system could be considered a potential target for SARS-CoV-2, as well as a possible reservoir of infection. However, to date, there is very little evidence about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and testicular samples. The aim of this paper was to review the current evidence regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility and sexual health, with a particular focus on reproductive hormones, the presence of the virus in seminal fluid and testis, and its impact on fertility parameters. We found very limited evidence reporting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen and testicular samples, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on reproductive hormones and fertility parameters is unclear. The quality of the examined studies was poor due to the small sample size and several selection biases, precluding definitive conclusions. Hence, future well-designed prospective studies are needed to assess the real impact of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive function.
Keywords
COVID-19; Fertility; Male; Pathology; Physiology; SARS-CoV-2; Semen analysis; Testis;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
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