Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2020.15.4.111

The Effectiveness of Evjenth-Hamberg Stretching with regards to Muscle Tone and Flexibility in Adults with Hamstring Tightness  

Do, Hyun-Ho (Department of Physical Therapy, Konyang University Hospital)
Chon, Seung-Chul (Department of Physical Therapy, Konyang University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine / v.15, no.4, 2020 , pp. 111-119 More about this Journal
Abstract
PURPOSE: In adults with hamstring tightness, stretching is considered a therapeutic exercise that improves flexibility. However, previous studies have reported efficacy of numerous methods, and are inconclusive in determining the most effective stretching techniques. This study aims to compare the outcomes of Evjenth-Hamberg stretching (E-HS), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNFS), and static stretching (SS), on muscle tone and flexibility. METHODS: A total of 30 subjects were assigned to each of the three stretching groups:; E-HS (n1 = 10), PNFS (n2 = 10), and SS (n3 = 10). Muscle tone of the hamstring muscle, active knee extension (AKE), and passive knee extension (PKE) were assessed by range of motion. RESULTS: After the intervention, statistically significant differences were obtained between groups for muscle tone (p < .05). The post hoc test, showed statistically significant differences in muscle tone between the E-HS and PNFS groups (p < .05), and PNFS and SS groups (p < .05). Post hoc test after intervention, also revealed statistically significant differences in flexibility (p < .05) between the E-HS and PNFS groups (p < .05), E-HS and SS groups (p < .05), and PNFS and SS groups (p < .05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in PKE scores between the E-HS and SS groups (p < .05), and PNFS and SS groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that E-HS may be the most effective stretching technique for muscle tone and flexibility, in adults with hamstring tightness.
Keywords
Evjenth-Hamberg stretching; Hamstring tightness; Muscle tone; Flexibility;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Dos Santos RA, Derhon V, Brandalize M, et al. Evaluation of knee range of motion: Correlation between measurements using a universal goniometer and a smartphone goniometric application. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2017;21(3):699-703.   DOI
2 Wicke J, Gainey K, Figueroa M. A comparison of self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to static stretching on range of motion and flexibility. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(1):168-72.   DOI
3 Shrier I. Does stretching improve performance?: a systematic and critical review of the literature. Clinical Journal of sport medicine. 2004;14(5):267-73.   DOI
4 Grieve R, Goodwin F, Alfaki M, et al. The immediate effect of bilateral self myofascial release on the plantar surface of the feet on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2015;19(3):544-52.   DOI
5 Medeiros DM, Cini A, Sbruzzi G, et al. Influence of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2016;32(6):438-45.   DOI
6 Lee HH. The effects of Evjenth-Hamberg stretching on range of motion of knee joint and isometric, isokinetic muscle strength. Master's Degree. Yonsei University. 2003.
7 Van der Worp MP, Ten Haaf DS, van Cingel R, et al. Injuries in runners; a systematic review on risk factors and sex differences. PloS one. 2015;10(2).
8 Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG. Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2005.
9 Medeiros DM, Martini TF. Chronic effect of different types of stretching on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The Foot. 2018; 34:28-35.   DOI
10 Evjenth O, Hamberg J. Muscle stretching in manual therapy: A clinical manual. Sweden, Alfta rehab. 1994.
11 O'Hora J, Cartwright A, Wade CD, et al. Efficacy of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch on hamstrings length after a single session. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2011;25(6):1586-91.   DOI
12 Cini A, de Vasconcelos GS, Lima CS. Acute effect of different time periods of passive static stretching on the hamstring flexibility. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2017;30(2):241-6.   DOI
13 DePino GM, Webright WG, Arnold BL. Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after cessation of an acute static stretching protocol. Journal of athletic training. 2000;35(1):56.
14 Yildirim M, Ozyurek S, Tosun O, et al. Comparison of effects of static, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Mulligan stretching on hip flexion range of motion: a randomized controlled trial. Biology of sport. 2016;33(1):89.   DOI
15 Bizzini M, Mannion AF. Reliability of a new, hand-held device for assessing skeletal muscle stiffness. Clinical Biomechanics. 2003;18(5):459-61.   DOI
16 Kim JH, Kim TH. Immediate effects of stretching on hamstring stiffness. Journal of Korean Physical Therapy. 2010;22(1):1-7.
17 Puentedura EJ, Huijbregts PA, Celeste S, et al. Immediate effects of quantified hamstring stretching: hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus static stretching. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2011;12(3):122-6.   DOI
18 Gnat R, Kuszewski M, Koczar R, et al. Reliability of the passive knee flexion and extension tests in healthy subjects. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2010;33(9):659-65.   DOI
19 Kim JY, Shim JH, Han HG. Effects of soft tissue mobilization, passive stretching, and muscle energy technique on thickness and muscle tone of hamstring. Korean journal of Neuromuscular Rehabilitation. 2018;8(2):17-25.
20 Park JH. The effects of Evjenth-Hamberg stretching and static stretching on improvement of forward head posture. Doctor's Degree. Yongin University. 2013.
21 Watsford ML, Murphy AJ, McLachlan KA, et al. A prospective study of the relationship between lower body stiffness and hamstring injury in professional Australian rules footballers. The American journal of sports medicine. 2010;38(10):2058-64.   DOI
22 Fletcher IM. The effect of different dynamic stretch velocities on jump performance. European journal of applied physiology. 2010;109(3):491-8.   DOI
23 Morse CI, Degens H, Seynnes OR, et al. The acute effect of stretching on the passive stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle tendon unit. The Journal of physiology. 2008;586(1):97-106.   DOI
24 Hwang BS. The effects of Evjenth-Hamberg auto stretching on the lower extremity open angle back and forth and isokinetic muscle strength. Master's Degree. Sejong University. 2018.
25 Herda TJ, Herda ND, Costa PB, et al. The effects of dynamic stretching on the passive properties of the muscletendon unit. Journal of sports sciences. 2013;31(5):479-87.   DOI
26 Mazumdar J, Shriwas JK. A comparison between Mulligan traction straight leg raise technique vs muscle energy technique on hamstring tightness in asymptomatic male. Int J Physiother Res. 2014;2(2):412-17.
27 Macefield G, Hagbarth KE, Gorman R, et al. Decline in spindle support to alpha‐motoneurones during sustained voluntary contractions. The Journal of physiology. 1991;440(1):497-512.   DOI
28 Konrad A, Tilp M. Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures. Clinical Biomechanics. 2014;29(6):636-42.   DOI
29 Areeudomwong P, Oatyimprai K, Pathumb S. A randomised, placebo-controlled trial of neurodynamic sliders on hamstring responses in footballers with hamstring tightness. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS. 2016;23(6):60.   DOI
30 Ianieri G, Saggini R, Marvulli R, et al. New approach in the assessment of the tone, elasticity and the muscular resistance: nominal scales vs MYOTON. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2009;22 (3_suppl):21-4.