Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.3.307

Sensitivity of Ozone to NOx and VOCs in a Street Canyon  

Lee, Kwang-Yeon (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Kwak, Kyung-Hwan (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Park, Seung-Bu (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Baik, Jong-Jin (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment / v.29, no.3, 2013 , pp. 307-316 More about this Journal
Abstract
The sensitivity of ozone to $NO_x$ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission rates under different ventilation rates and $NO_2-to-NO_x$ emission ratios in a street canyon is investigated using a chemistry box model. The carbon bond mechanism IV (CBM-IV) with 36 gaseous species and 93 chemical reactions is incorporated. $NO_x$ and VOCs emission rates considered range from 0.01 to $0.30ppb\;s^{-1}$ with intervals of $0.01ppb\;s^{-1}$. Three different ventilation rates and three different $NO_2-to-NO_x$ emission ratios are considered. The simulation results show that the ozone concentration decreases with increasing $NO_x$ emission rate but increases with increasing VOCs emission rate. When the emission ratio of VOCs to $NO_x$ is smaller than about 4, the ozone concentration is lower in the street canyon than in the background. On average, the magnitude of the sensitivity of ozone to $NO_x$ emission rate is significantly larger than that to VOCs emission rate. As the $NO_x$ emission rate increases, the magnitude of the sensitivity of ozone to $NO_x$ and VOCs emission rates decreases. Because the ozone concentration is lower in the street canyon than in the background, the increased ventilation rate enhances ozone inflow from the background. Therefore, the increase in ventilation rate results in the increase in ozone concentration and the decrease in the magnitude of the sensitivity of ozone to $NO_x$ and VOCs emission rates when the emission ratio of VOCs to $NO_x$ is smaller than about 4. On the other hand, the increase in $NO_2-to-NO_x$ emission ratio results in the increase in ozone concentration because the chemical ozone production due to the $NO_2$ photolysis is enhanced. In the present experimental setup, the contribution of the change in $NO_2-to-NO_x$ emission ratio to the change in the sensitivity of ozone to $NO_x$ emission rate is larger than that of the change in ventilation rate.
Keywords
Street canyon; Chemistry box model; Ozone sensitivity to emission rate; Ventilation rate; $NO_2-to-NO_x$ emission ratio;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Orlando, J.P., D.S. Alvim, A. Yamazaki, S.M. Correa, and L.V. Gatti (2010) Ozone precursors for the São Paulo metropolitan area, Sci. Total Environ., 408, 1612-1620.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Park, S.-B., J.-J. Baik, S. Raasch, and M.O. Letzel (2012) A large-eddy simulation study of thermal effects on turbulent flow and dispersion in and above a street canyon, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 829-841.   DOI
3 Peng, Y.-P., K.-S. Chen, H.-K. Wang, C.-H. Lai, M.-H. Lin, and C.-H. Lee (2011) Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan, J. Environ. Sci., 23, 790-797.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Shon, Z.-H. (2006) Photochemical analysis of ozone episodes in the metropolitan area of Seoul during the summer 2004, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 22(3), 361-371. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을
5 Sillman, S. (1999) The relation between ozone, $NO_x$ and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments, Atmos. Environ., 33, 1821-1845.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Xie, S., Y. Zhang, L. Qi, and X. Tang (2003) Spatial distribution of traffic-related pollutant concentrations in street canyons, Atmos. Environ., 37, 3213-3224.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Jacobson, M.Z. (2005) Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling, 2nd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, U.K., 828 pp.
8 Jimenez, P. and J.M. Baldasano (2004) Ozone response to precursor controls in very complex terrains: Use of photochemical indicators to assess $O_3$-$NO_x$-VOCs sensitivity in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20309, doi:10.1029/2004JD004985.   DOI
9 Kim, D.-Y., J.-J. Kim, J.-H. Oh, and P. Sen (2008a) A case study on emission management for reducing photochemical pollution over the Osaka bay area, Asia-Pacific J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 341-349.   과학기술학회마을
10 Kim, D.-Y., A. Kondo, S. Soda, J.-H. Oh, and K.-M. Lee (2008b) Sensitivity analysis of primary pollutants on generating photochemical oxidants over the Osaka bay and its surrounding areas of Japan, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, 883-899.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kim, M.J., R.J. Park, and J.-J. Kim (2012) Urban air quality modeling with full $O_3$-$NO_x$-VOC chemistry: Implications for $O_3$ and PM air quality in a street canyon, Atmos. Environ., 47, 330-340.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Kleinman, L.I. (1991) Seasonal dependence of boundary layer peroxide concentration: The low and high $NO_x$ regimes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20721-20733.   DOI
13 Kourtidis, K.A., I. Ziomas, C. Zerefos, E. Kosmidis, P. Symeonidis, E. Christophilopoulos, S. Karathanassis, and A. Mploutsos (2002) Benzene, toluene, ozone, $NO_2$, and $SO_2$ measurements in an urban street canyon in Thessaloniki, Greece, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5355-5364.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kwak, K.-H. and J.-J. Baik (2012) A CFD modeling study of the impacts of $NO_x$ and VOC emissions on reactive pollutant dispersion in and above a street canyon, Atmos. Environ., 46, 71-80.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Liu, C.-H. and D.Y.C. Leung (2008) Numerical study on the ozone formation inside street canyons using a chemistry box model, J. Environ. Sci., 20, 832-837.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Lee, J.H., J.S. Han, H.K. Yun, and S.Y. Cho (2007) Evaluation of incremental reactivity and ozone production contribution of VOCs using the PAMS data in Seoul metropolitan area, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 23(3), 286-296. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Lin, S., X. Liu, L.H. Le, and S.-A. Hwang (2008) Chronic exposure to ambient ozone and asthma hospital admissions among children, Environ. Health Perspect., 166, 1725-1730.
18 Liu, C.-H., D.Y.C. Leung, and M.C. Barth (2005) On the prediction of air and pollutant exchange rates in street canyons of different aspect ratios using large-eddy simulation, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1567-1574.
19 Milford, J.B., A.G. Russell, and G.J. McRae (1989) A new approach to photochemical pollution control: Implications of spatial patterns in pollutant responses to reductions in nitrogen oxides and reactive organic gas emissions, Environ. Sci. Tech., 23, 1290-1301.   DOI
20 National Research Council (1991) Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution, National Academies Press, U.S.A., 483 pp.
21 Alvarez, R., M. Weilenmann, and J.-Y. Favez (2008) Evidence of increased mass fraction of $NO_2$ within real-world $NO_x$ emissions of modern light vehicles-derived from a reliable online measuring method, Atmos. Environ., 42, 4699-4707.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Bey, I., D.J. Jacob, R.M. Yantosca, J.A. Logan, B.D. Field, A.M. Fiore, Q. Li, H.Y. Liu, L.J. Mickley, and M.G. Schultz (2001) Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23073-23095.   DOI
23 Gery, M.W., G.Z. Whitten, J.P. Killus, and M.C. Dodge (1989) A photochemical kinetics mechanism for urban and regional scale computer modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12925-12956.   DOI
24 Bossioli, E., M. Tombrou, and C. Pilinis (2002) Adapting the speciation of the VOCs emission inventory in the greater Athens area, Water Air Soil Pollut.: Focus, 2, 141-153.
25 Carslaw, D.C. and S.D. Beevers (2005) Estimations of road vehicle primary $NO_2$ exhaust emission fractions using monitoring data in London, Atmos. Environ., 39, 167-177.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Chen, K.S., Y.T. Ho, C.H. Lai, and Y.-M. Chou (2003) Photochemical modeling and analysis of meteorological parameters during ozone episodes in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Atmos. Environ., 37, 1811-1823.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Haagen-Smith, A.J. and M.M. Fox (1954) Photochemical ozone formation with hydrocarbons and automobile exhaust, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 4, 105-109.