Browse > Article

Opto-Chemical Characteristics of Visibility Impairment Using Semi-Continuous Aerosol Monitoring in an Urban Area during Summertime  

김경원 (광주과학기술원 환경공학과, 환경모니터링신기술연구센터)
김영준 (광주과학기술원 환경공학과, 환경모니터링신기술연구센터)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment / v.19, no.6, 2003 , pp. 647-661 More about this Journal
Abstract
For continuous monitoring of atmospheric visibility in the city of Kwanaju, Korea, a transmissometer system consisting of a transmitter and a receiver was installed at a distance of 1.91 km across the downtown Kwanaju. At the transmitter site an integrating nephelometer and an aethalometer were also installed to measure the scattering and absorption coefficients of the atmosphere, respectively. At the receiver site. an URG PM$_{2.5}$ cyclone sampler and an URG-VAPS (Versatile Air Pollutant Sampler) with three filter packs and two denuders were used to collect both PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ samples at a 2-hour or 12-hour sampling interval for aerosol chemical analysis. Sulfate, organic mass by carbon (OMC), nitrate, elemental carbon (EC) components of fine aerosol were the major contributors to visibility impairment. Diurnal variation of visibility during best-case days showed rapid improvement in the morning hours, while it was delayed until afternoon during the worst-case days. Aerosol mass concentration of each aerosol component for the worst-case was calculated to be 11.2 times larger than the best-case for (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$(NHSO), 19.0 times for NH$_4$NO$_3$ (NHNO), 2.2 times for OMC, respectively. Also result shows that elemental carbon and fine soil (FS) were 3.7 and 2.2 times more than those of best-case. respectively- Sum of total contributions of wet NHSO and NHNO to light extinction was calculated to be 301 Mm$^{-1}$ for the worst-case. However, sum of contributions by dry NHSO and NHNO was calculated to be 123 Mm$^{-1}$ for the best case. Mass extinction efficiencies of fine and coarse particles were calculated to be 5.8$\pm$0.3 $m^2$/g and 1.8$\pm$0.1 $m^2$/g, respectively.ely.
Keywords
Semi-continuous aerosol monitoring; Visibility; $PM_{2.5}$; Carbonaceous particle; Extinction budget;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 이민회, 김양균, 원양수, 한의정, 신찬기, 정해동, 한자경(1985) 수도권 대기중의 스모그 현상에 관한 연구, 국립환경원구원보, 7, 45-61
2 Dzubay, T.G., R.K. Stevens, C.W. Lewis, D.H. Hem, WJ. Courtney, J.W. Tesch, and M.A. Mason (1982) Visibility and aerosol composition in Houston,Texas, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16,514-525
3 Tang, I.N. (1996) Chemical and size effects of hygroscopic aerosols on light scattering coefficients, J. Geophys.Res., 101, 19,245-19,250
4 Turpin, B.J. and HJ. Lim (2001) Species contributions to PM_{2.5} mass concentrations: Revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35(1), 602-610   DOI   ScienceOn
5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Visibility monitoring guidance, EPA-454/R-99-003, 1999
6 Kim, K.W., Z. He, and Y.J. Kim (2003) Physico-chemical characteristics and radiative properties of Asian Dust particles observed at Kwangju, Korea during the 2001 ACE-Asia lOP, J. Geophys. Res., revised manuscript (Oct. II, 2003)
7 Seinfeld, J.H. and S.N. Pandis (1998) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics from Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, New York
8 Kim, YJ., K.W. Kim, and SJ. Oh (2001b) Seasonal characteristics of haze observed by continuous visibility monitoring in the urban atmosphere of Kwangju, Korea, Environ. Monitor. Assess., 70, 35-46
9 IMPROVE (2002) Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments-Data Resources, National Park Service, Ft. Collins, CO, 2002. http://vista.cira.colostate.edulIMPROVE
10 Kim, K.W. (2000) Visibility impairment by acidic aerosol and carbonaceous particles in an urban atmosphere, Theis for Master's degree, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 33-34
11 김필수(1988) 서울 대기 Aerosol의 물리적 특성: 가시광선의 산란, 한국대기보전학회지, 4(2), 28-37
12 Richard, T., L. Hildemann, R. Kamens, S. Lee, W.e. Maim, S. Pandis, J. Pankow, J. Schauer, J.G. Watson, and B. Zielinska (2002) Secondary Organic Aerosols Research Strategy to Apportion Biogenic/Anthropogenic Sources: An Outcome of the First Secondary Organic Aerosol Workshop, February 4-5, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA
13 Malm, W.C., J.V. Molenar, R.A. Eldred, and J.F. Sisler (1996) Examining the relationship among atmospheric aerosols and light scattering and extinction in the Grand Canyon area, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,251-19,265
14 Pettijohn, FJ. (1949) Sedimentary Rocks, Harper & Brothers, New York
15 한진석, 김병곤, 김신도(1996) 1994년 수도권 지역에서의 시정과 미세 입자상물질 화학조성과의 관계해석, 한국대기보전학회지, 12(4), 377-387
16 Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, Z. Lu, D.H. Lowenthal, C.A. Frazier, P.A. Solomon, R.H. Thuillier, and K.L. Manliano(1996) Descriptive analysis of PM2.5 and PMIO at regionally representive locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX, Atmos. Environ., 30(12), 2079-2112   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Van de Hulst, H.C. (1981) Light Scattering by Small Particles, John Wiley & Sons, New York
18 Horvath, H. (1981) Atmospheric visibility, Atmos. Environ.,15, 1785-1794
19 White, W.H. and P.T. Roberts (1977) On the nature and origins of visibility-reducing aerosols in the Los Angeles air basin, Atmos. Environ., 11(9), 803-811   DOI   ScienceOn
20 백남준, 김태오, 김용표, 문길주(1994) 시정장애현상 원인과 그 규명방법 수도권 지역의 시정장애현상 연구를 위하여, 한국대기보전학회지, 10(1), 1-23
21 Watson, J.G. (2002) Visibility: Science and regulation, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 52, 628-713
22 Kim, K.W., Y.J. Kim, and SJ. Oh (2001a) Visibility impairment during Yellow Sand periods in the urban atmosphere of Kwangju, Korea, Atmos. Environ.,35-30,5157 -5167
23 Parungo, F., C. Nagamoto, M.Y. Zhou, and A.D.A Hansen(1994) Aeolian transport of aerosol black carbon from China to the ocean, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3251-3260