Browse > Article

High Light-Induced Changes in the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Accumulation of Astaxanthin in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis  

Park, Seul-Ki (Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University)
Jin, Eon-Seon (Department of Life Science, Hanyang University)
Lee, Choul-Gyun (Department of Biotechnology, Inha University)
Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University)
Publication Information
Molecular & Cellular Toxicology / v.4, no.4, 2008 , pp. 300-306 More about this Journal
Abstract
We investigated high light-induced alterations in antioxidant enzymes by exposing green vegetative cells of the alga Haematococcus pluvialis to excess irradiance to induce the production of astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment. Total activity of catalase decreased approximately 70% after high light exposure, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was slightly enhanced. Total activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) also slightly decreased. Overall, we did not observe dramatically elevated levels of antioxidant isozymes, although APXn, GPX2, and GPX3 isozyme increased slightly. ${H_2}{O_2}$ content increased about sixfold after high light exposure, demonstrating severe cellular oxidative stress, whereas lipid peroxidation was notably reduced. Concomitantly, astaxanthin accumulation increased about sevenfold. This result suggests that probably massively accumulated astaxanthin may be one of the antioxidant protector against high light stress.
Keywords
Haematococcus pluvialis; High light; Astaxanthin; Antioxidant enzymes;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 3  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kang, K. S. et al. Changes in the isozyme composition of antioxidant enzymes in response to aminotriazole in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Biology 42:187-193 (1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Sul, D. G., Oh, S. N. & Lee, E. I. The expression of DNA polymerase-${\beta}$ and DNA damage in jurkat cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide under hyperbaric pressure. Mol Cell Toxicol 4:66-71 (2008)   과학기술학회마을
3 Woodbury, W., Spencer, A. K. & Stahman, M. A. An improved procedure using ferricyanide for detecting catalase isozymes. Anal Biochem 44:301-305 (1971)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Wang, S. B. et al. Isolation and proteomic alalysis of cell wall-deficient Haematococcus pluvialis mutants. Proteomics 5:4839-4851 (2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Shin, H. W. & Lee, M. Y. Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes from the marine alga Nannochloropsis oculata. J Appl Phycol 15:13-19 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Son, B. S. et al. Toxicoproteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in rat liver by DEHP. Mol Cell Toxicol 3:299-305 (2007)   과학기술학회마을
7 Yim, E. K. et al. Genomic and proteomic expression patterns in HPV-16 E6 gene transfected stable human carcinoma cell lines. DNA Cell Biol 23:826-835 (2004)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Sarry, J. E. et al. The protective function of the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis. FEBS Lett 353:147-150 (1994)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Ceron, M. C. et al. Antioxidant activity of Haematococcus pluvialis cells grown in continuous culture as a function of their carotenoid and fatty acid content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:1112-1119 (2007)   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Montsant, A., Zarka, A. & Boussiba, S. Presence of a nonhydrolyzable biopolymer in the cell wall of vegetative cells and astaxanthin-rich cysts of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 3:515-521 (2001)   DOI
11 Kuk, Y. I. et al. Antioxidative enzymes offer protection from chilling damage in rice plants. Crop Sci 43:2109-2117 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Romero-Puertas, M. C. et al. Glutathione reductase from pea leaves: response to abiotic stress and characterization of the peroxisomal isozyme. New Phytologist 170:43-52 (2006)   DOI
13 Rao, M. V., Paliyath, G. & Ormrod, D. P. Ultraviolet-B and ozone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 110:125-136 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Lin, C. L., Chen, H. J. & Hou, W. C. Activity staining of glutathione peroxidase after electrophoresis on native and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Electophoresis 23:513-516 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Hagen, C., Siegmund, S. & Braune, W. Ultrastructural and chemical changes in the cell wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) during aplanospore formation. Eur J Phycol 37:217-226 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Steinbrenner, J. & Linden, H. Light induction of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: regulation by photosynthetic redox control. Plant Mol Biol 52:343-356 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Asada, K., Takahashi, M. & Nagate, M. Assay and inhibitors of spinach superoxide dismutase. Agric Biol Chem 38:471-473 (1974)   DOI
18 Lee, D. H. & Lee, C. B. Chilling stress-induced changes of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of cucumber: in gel enzyme activity assays. Plant Sci 159:75-85 (2000)
19 Xie, L. et al. Genomic and proteomic profiling of oxidative stress response in human diploid fibroblasts. Biogerontology in press (2008)
20 Kobayashi, M. In vivo antioxidant role of astaxanthin under oxidative stress in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 54:550-555 (2000)   DOI
21 Eom, H., Lee, C. G. & Jin, E. Gene expression profile analysis in astaxanthin-induced Haematococcus pluvialis using a cDNA microarray. Planta 223:1231-1242 (2006)   DOI
22 Holovska, K. et al. Are ruminal bacteria protected against environmental stress by plant antioxidants? Lett Appl Microbiol 35:301-304 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Davey, M. W. et al. High-throughput determination of malondialdehyde in plant tissues. Anal Biochem 347:201-207 (2005)   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Lorenz, R. T. & Cysewski, G. R. Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin. Trends Biotechnol 18:160-167 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Skorzynska-Polit, E. & Krupa, Z. Lipid peroxidation in cadmium-treated Phaseolus coccineus plants. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 50:482-487 (2006)   DOI
26 Choi, S. L., Suh, I. S. & Lee, C. G. Lumostatic operation of bubble column photobioreactors for Haematococcus pluvialis cultures using a specific light uptake rate as a control parameter. Enzym Microb Tech 33:403-409 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Lee, M. Y. Effect of $Na_2SO_3$ on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in geranium seedlings. Phytochemistry 59:493-499 (2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Woo, S. O. et al. Molecular parameters for assessing marine biotoxicity: gene expressions of Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mol Cell Toxicol 3:267-272 (2007)   과학기술학회마을
29 Lee, M. Y. & Kim, S. S. Characteristics of six isoperoxidases from Korean radish root. Phytochemistry 35:287-290 (1994)   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Boussiba, S. Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: Cellular physiology and stress response. Physiol Plant 108:111-117 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Wang, S. B. et al. Cell wall proteomics of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). Proteomics 4:692-708 (2004)   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Esterbauer, H. & Cheeseman, K. H. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products?: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods Enzymol 186:407-421 (1990)   DOI
33 Park, S. K., Jin, E. S. & Lee, M. Y. Expression and antioxidant enzymes in Chaetoceros neogracile, an antarctic alga. CryoLetters 29:351-361 (2008)
34 Vitoria, A. P., Lea, P. J. & Azevedo, R. A. Antioxidant enzyme responses to cadmium in radish tissues. Phytochemistry 57:701-710 (2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Laemmli, U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680-685 (1970)   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Mittler, R. & Zilinskas, B. A. Detection of ascorbate peroxidase activity in native gels by inhibition of the ascorbate-dependent reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Anal Biochem 212:540-546 (1993)   DOI   ScienceOn